tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82510712295493502452024-02-18T23:24:11.766-08:00Reading Clive CusslerBarbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.comBlogger227125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-3606137661704158952015-02-27T07:53:00.001-08:002015-02-27T07:53:25.374-08:00Iceberg: Ismailians and morepg 224<br />
<br />
"You should have your KGB agents read The Ismailians, Comrade."<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The <b>Assassins</b> (from <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>) were a secret order of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Nizari">Nizari</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Ismailis">Ismailis</a>, particularly those of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Persia">Persia</a> and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Bilad al-Sham">Syria</a>, that formed in the late 11th century. In time, the order began to pose a strong military threat to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Seljuq">Seljuq</a> authority within the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Persia">Persian</a> territories by capturing and inhabiting many mountain fortresses under the leadership of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Hassan-i Sabbah">Hassan-i Sabbah</a>.<br />
The name "Assassin" is often said to derive from the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> word <i>Hashishin</i> or "users of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Hashish">hashish</a>"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><span></span><span></span></sup> a <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Misnomer">misnomer</a> thought to have been derogatory and used by their adversaries during the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Originally applied to the Nizari Ismaelis by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Mustali">Mustali</a> Ismailis during the fall of the decaying Ismaili <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Fatimid Empire">Fatimid Empire</a> and the separation of the two streams,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><span></span></sup> it is possible that the term <i>hashishiyya</i> or <i>hashishi</i>
in Muslim sources was used metaphorically in its abusive sense (i.e.
"social outcasts", "low-class rabble", etc.), while the literal
interpretation of this term in referring to the Nizaris (<i>as hashish consuming intoxicated assassins</i>) may be rooted in the fantasies of medieval Westerners.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><span></span></sup> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />
Long after their eradication at the hands of the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, mentions of Assassins were preserved within European sources such as the writings of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>,
where they are depicted as trained killers, responsible for the
systematic elimination of opposing figures. Ever since, the word "<a class="extiw" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="wikt:assassin">assassin</a>" has been used to describe a hired or professional killer, paving the way for the related term "<a class="extiw" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="wikt:assassination">assassination</a>", which denotes any action involving murder of a high-profile target for political reasons.</blockquote>
<br />
Bolivia's whole income is based on the Peroza copper minds.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
No Peroza copper minds in Bolivia. This name invented by Cussler. </blockquote>
<br />
"I assume you don't envision a free press in your Shangri-la?"<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Shangri-La</b> is a fictional place described in the 1933 <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Novel">novel</a> <i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Lost Horizon">Lost Horizon</a></i> by British author <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="James Hilton (novelist)">James Hilton</a>. Hilton describes Shangri-La as a mystical, harmonious valley, gently guided from a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Lamasery">lamasery</a>, enclosed in the western end of the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Kunlun Mountains">Kunlun Mountains</a>. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Shangri-La has become synonymous with any earthly paradise, and particularly a mythical Himalayan <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Utopia">utopia</a> – a permanently happy land, isolated from the outside world. In the novel <i>Lost Horizon</i>,
the people who live at Shangri-La are almost immortal, living years
beyond the normal lifespan and only very slowly aging in appearance. The
word also evokes the imagery of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Exoticism">exoticism</a> of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="The Orient">the Orient</a>. </blockquote>
<br />
<br />
Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-22244613986784669352014-02-01T08:46:00.001-08:002014-02-01T08:46:16.912-08:00Iceberg: Think tank and morepg 222<br />
<br />
"Every government has its think tanks."<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
While the term "think tank" with its present sense originated in the 1950s,<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> such organizations date to the 19th century. The Institute for Defence and Security Studies (<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="RUSI">RUSI</a>) was founded in 1831 in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="London">London</a>. The <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> dates from 1884.<br />
The original Washington think tank, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> was founded in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>
in 1916 by philanthropist Robert Brookings. It was conceived as a
bipartisan "research center modeled on academic institutions and focused
on addressing the questions of the federal government." <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-utnethinktank_2-0"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />
After 1945, the number of policy institutes increased, as many small
new ones were formed to express various issue and policy agendas. Until
the 1940s, most think tanks were known only by the name of the
institution. During the Second World War, think tanks were often
referred to as "brain boxes"<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)"></span></a></i></sup>
after the slang term for skull. The phrase "think tank" in wartime
American slang referred to rooms where strategists discussed war
planning. Later the term "think tank" was used to refer to organizations
that offered military advice—such as, perhaps most notably, the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>, founded originally in 1946 as an offshoot of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Douglas Aircraft">Douglas Aircraft</a> Corporation, and which became an independent corporation in 1948.<br />
For most of the 20th century, independent public policy institutes
that performed research and provided advice concerning public policy
were found primarily in the United States, with a much smaller number in
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Canada">Canada</a>,
the UK and Western Europe. Although think tanks existed in Japan for
some time, they generally lacked independence, having close associations
with government ministries or corporations. There has been a veritable
proliferation of "think tanks" around the world that began during the
1980s as a result of globalization, the end of the Cold War, and the
emergence of transnational problems. Two-thirds of all the think tanks
that exist today were established after 1970 and more than half were
established since 1980.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-McGann_3-0"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />
The effect of globalization on the proliferation of think tanks is
most evident in regions such as Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia,
and parts of Southeast Asia, where there was a concerted effort by the
international community to assist the creation of independent public
policy research organizations. A recent survey performed by the Foreign
Policy Research Institute’s Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program
underscores the significance of this effort and documents the fact that
most of the think tanks in these regions have been established during
the last 10 years. Presently there are more than 4,500 of these
institutions around the world. Many of the more established think tanks,
having been created during the Cold War, are focused on international
affairs, security studies, and foreign policy</blockquote>
<br />
"They {Latin American Nations] were protected by a wall, a wall built by the United States and called the Monroe Doctrine."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The <b>Monroe Doctrine</b> was a policy of the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="United States">United States</a> introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Europe">European</a> nations to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Colonize">colonize</a> land or interfere with states in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="South America">North</a> or <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="South America">South America</a> would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Monroe_Doctrine_1823_1-0"><span></span><span></span></sup>
At the same time, the doctrine noted that the United States would
neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the
internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued at a
time when nearly all <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved or were at the point of gaining <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Spanish American wars of independence">independence</a> from the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empires</a>; <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Peru">Peru</a> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Battle of Ayacucho">consolidated their independence</a> in 1824, and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> would become independent in 1825, leaving only <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> under Spanish rule. The United States, working in agreement with <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>, wanted to guarantee that no European power would move in.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Herring.2C_George_C._1776.2C_pp._153-155_2-0"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />
President <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address</a> to Congress. The term "Monroe Doctrine" itself was coined in 1850.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><span></span><span></span></sup>By the end of the nineteenth century, Monroe's declaration was seen as a defining moment in the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy of the United States</a> and one of its longest-standing tenets. It would be invoked by many U.S. statesmen and several U.S. presidents, including <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and many others.<br />
The intent and impact of the Monroe Doctrine persisted with only
minor variations for more than a century. Its primary objective was to
free the newly independent colonies of Latin America from European
intervention and avoid situations which could make the New World a
battleground for the Old World powers, so that the U.S.A. could exert
its own influence undisturbed. The doctrine asserted that the New World
and the Old World were to remain distinctly separate spheres of
influence, for they were composed of entirely separate and independent
nations<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brit1_4-0"><span></span><span></span></sup> However, the policy became deeply resented by Latin American nations for its overt <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Interventionism">interventionism</a> and perceived <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>.</blockquote>
<br />
"You should have your KGB agents read the Ismailians."<br />
Couldn't find a book called The Ismailians. Below is some info from a website called www.alamut.com<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
From: <a href="http://www.alamut.com/subj/ideologies/alamut/etymolAss.html">http://www.alamut.com/subj/ideologies/alamut/etymolAss.html </a></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In the early 11th century, al-Hassan became the head of the Persian sect
of the Ismailians, a rather obscure party of fanatics which gained
local power under his guidance. In 1090, al-Hassan and his followers
seized the castle of Alamut, in the province of Rudbar, which lies in
the mountainous region south of the Caspian Sea. It was from this
mountain home that he obtained evil celebrity among the Crusaders as
"the old man of the mountains", and spread terror through the Mohammedan
world.<br />
In the account given by Marco Polo in "The Adventures [or Travels] of
Marco Polo" it is told that "The Old Man kept at his court such boys of
twelve years old as seemed to him destined to become courageous men.
When the Old Man sent them into the garden in groups of four, ten or
twenty, he gave them hashish to drink. They slept for three days, then
they were carried sleeping into the garden where he had them awakened. </blockquote>
Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-91557655141930622522014-01-28T17:36:00.002-08:002014-01-28T17:36:55.425-08:00Iceberg: Recession and morepg 220<br />
<br />
"If I was to fail financially tomorrow, it would cause a recession that would be felt from one end of the United States to the other..."<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In economics, a <b>recession</b> is a <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Business cycle">business cycle</a> contraction, It is a general slowdown in economic activity.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><span></span><span></span></sup> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Macroeconomics">Macroeconomic</a> indicators such as GDP(Gross Domestic Product), investment spending, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Capacity utilization">capacity utilization</a>, household income, business profits, and inflation fall, while bankruptcies and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> rise.<br />
<br />
Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in
spending (an adverse demand shock). This may be triggered by various
events, such as a <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Financial crisis">financial crisis</a>, an external trade shock, an adverse <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Supply shock">supply shock</a> or the bursting of an <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Economic bubble">economic bubble</a>. Governments usually respond to recessions by adopting expansionary <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Macroeconomic policies">macroeconomic policies</a>, such as <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Monetary policy">increasing money supply</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Fiscal policy">increasing government spending and decreasing taxation</a>.</blockquote>
<br />
Andrew Carnegie built librarie, John D. Rockefeller set up foundations for science and education."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Andrew Carnegie</b><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'k' in 'kind'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ɑr/ 'ar' in 'bard'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'n' in 'nigh'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/eɪ/ long 'a' in 'base'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'g' in 'guy'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/i/ 'y' in 'happy'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span></span><span class="Unicode" title="English pronunciation respelling"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key"><i><b><span class="smallcaps"><span class="SMALLCAPS" style="font-variant: SMALL-CAPS;"><span class="NOCAPS" style="text-transform: LOWERCASE;"></span></span></span></b></i></a></span><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'k' in 'kind'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ɑr/ 'ar' in 'bard'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'n' in 'nigh'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ɨ/ 'e' in 'roses'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'g' in 'guy'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/i/ 'y' in 'happy'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span></span><span class="Unicode" title="English pronunciation respelling"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key"><i><b><span class="smallcaps"><span class="SMALLCAPS" style="font-variant: SMALL-CAPS;"><span class="NOCAPS" style="text-transform: LOWERCASE;"></span></span></span></b></i></a></span><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'k' in 'kind'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ɑr/ 'ar' in 'bard'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'n' in 'nigh'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ɛ/ short 'e' in 'bed'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'g' in 'guy'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/i/ 'y' in 'happy'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span></span><span class="Unicode" title="English pronunciation respelling"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key"><i><b><span class="smallcaps"><span class="SMALLCAPS" style="font-variant: SMALL-CAPS;"><span class="NOCAPS" style="text-transform: LOWERCASE;"></span></span></span></b></i></a></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MacKay_p29_1-0"><span></span><span></span></sup> November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Scottish-American">Scottish-American</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Industrialist">industrialist</a> who led the enormous expansion of the American <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Steel industry">steel industry</a> in the late 19th century. He was also one of the highest profile <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Philanthropists">philanthropists</a> of his era; his 1889 article proclaiming "<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="The Gospel of Wealth">The Gospel of Wealth</a>" called on the rich to use their wealth to improve society, and stimulated wave after wave of philanthropy.<br />
<br />
Carnegie was born in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a>,
Scotland, and emigrated to the United States with his very poor parents
in 1848. Carnegie started as a telegrapher and by the 1860s had
investments in railroads, railroad sleeping cars, bridges and oil
derricks. He built further wealth as a bond salesman raising money for
American enterprise in Europe. He built Pittsburgh's <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Steel Company">Carnegie Steel Company</a>, which he sold to <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="J.P. Morgan">J.P. Morgan</a> in 1901 for $480 million (the equivalent of approximately $13.5 billion in 2013), creating the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a>
Corporation. Carnegie devoted the remainder of his life to large-scale
philanthropy, with special emphasis on local libraries, world peace,
education and scientific research. With the fortune he made from
business, he built <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>, and founded the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Institution for Science">Carnegie Institution for Science</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland">Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Hero Fund">Carnegie Hero Fund</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> and the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh">Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh</a>, among others. His life has often been referred to as a true "<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Rags to riches">rags to riches</a>" story.<br />
<br />
Among his many philanthropic efforts, the establishment of <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Public library">public libraries</a>
throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other
English-speaking countries was especially prominent. In this special
driving interest and project of his he was inspired by a visit and tour
he made with Mr. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Enoch Pratt">Enoch Pratt</a> (1808-1896), formerly of Massachusetts but who made his fortune in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>
and ran his various mercantile and financial businesses very thriftily.
Pratt in turn had been inspired and helped by his friend and fellow Bay
Stater, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="George Peabody">George Peabody</a>,
(1795-1869) who also had made his fortune in the "Monumental City" of
Baltimore before moving to New York and London to expand his empire as
the richest man in America before the Civil War. Later he too endowed
several institutions, schools, libraries and foundations in his home
commonwealth, and also in Baltimore with his <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Peabody Institute">Peabody Institute</a>
in 1857, completed in 1866, with added library wings a decade later and
several educational foundations throughout the Old South. Several
decades later, Carnegie's visit with Mr. Pratt for several days; resting
and dining in his city mansion, then touring, visiting and talking with
staff and ordinary citizen patrons of the newly established <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Enoch Pratt Free Library">Enoch Pratt Free Library</a>
(1886) impressed the Scotsman deeply and years later he was always
heard to proclaim that "Pratt was my guide and inspiration".<br />
<br />
The first <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie library">Carnegie library</a>
opened in 1883 in Dunfermline. His method was to build and equip, but
only on condition that the local authority matched that by providing the
land and a budget for operation and maintenance. To secure local
interest, in 1885, he gave $500,000 to Pittsburgh for a public library,
and in 1886, he gave $250,000 to Allegheny City for a music hall and
library; and $250,000 to <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>
for a free library. In total Carnegie funded some 3,000 libraries,
located in 47 US states, and also in Canada, the United Kingdom, what is
now the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, Australia, New Zealand, the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>. He also donated £50,000 to help set up the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> in 1899.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22"><span></span><span></span></sup>
In the early 20th Century, a decade after Mr. Pratt's death, when
expansion and city revenues grew tight, Carnegie returned the favor and
endowed a large sum to permit the building of many Carnegie Libraries in
the Enoch Pratt system in Baltimore and enabled EPFL to expand through
the next quarter-century to meet the needs of the growing city and
supply neighborhood branches for its annexed suburbs.<br />
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Carnegie Library at Syracuse University</div>
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As Van Slyck (1991) showed, the last years of the 19th century saw
acceptance of the idea that free libraries should be available to the
American public. But the design of the idealized free library was the
subject of prolonged and heated debate. On one hand, the library
profession called for designs that supported efficiency in
administration and operation; on the other, wealthy philanthropists
favored buildings that reinforced the paternalistic metaphor and
enhanced civic pride. Between 1886 and 1917, Carnegie reformed both
library philanthropy and library design, encouraging a closer
correspondence between the two</blockquote>
John D. Rockefeller<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
From his very first paycheck, Rockefeller <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Tithe">tithed</a> ten percent of his earnings to his church.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58"><span></span><span></span></sup> His church was later affiliated with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Northern Baptist Convention">Northern Baptist Convention</a>, which formed from American Baptists in the North with ties to <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Home Mission Society">their historic missions</a> to establish schools and colleges for <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a> in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Southern United States">the South</a> after the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.
As Rockefeller's wealth grew, so did his giving, primarily to
educational and public health causes, but also for basic science and the
arts. He was advised primarily by <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Frederick Taylor Gates">Frederick Taylor Gates</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59"><span> </span><span></span></sup>after 1891,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><span> </span><span></span></sup>and, after 1897, also by his son.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Rockefeller believed in the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Efficiency Movement">Efficiency Movement</a>,
arguing that: "To help an inefficient, ill-located, unnecessary school
is a waste... it is highly probable that enough money has been
squandered on unwise educational projects to have built up a national
system of higher education adequate to our needs, if the money had been
properly directed to that end."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockefeller198469_61-0"><span></span></sup> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockefeller198469_61-0"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />
He and his advisers invented the conditional grant, which required
the recipient to "root the institution in the affections of as many
people as possible who, as contributors, become personally concerned,
and thereafter may be counted on to give to the institution their
watchful interest and cooperation."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockefeller1984183_62-0"><span></span></sup> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockefeller1984183_62-0"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />
In 1884, Rockefeller provided major funding for a college in Atlanta for African-American women, which became <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Spelman College">Spelman College</a> (named for Rockefeller's in-laws who were ardent <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionists</a> before the Civil War).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Weir_63-0"><span></span><span></span></sup>The oldest existing building on Spelman's campus, Rockefeller Hall, is named after him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64"><span></span><span></span></sup> Rockefeller also gave considerable donations to <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Denison University">Denison University</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fosdick_65-0"><span> </span><span></span></sup>and other Baptist colleges. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Rockefeller gave $80 million to the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66"><span> </span><span></span></sup>under <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="William Rainey Harper">William Rainey Harper</a>,
turning a small Baptist college into a world-class institution by 1900.
He also gave a grant to the American Baptist Missionaries foreign
mission board, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="American Baptist Foreign Mission Society">American Baptist Foreign Mission Society</a> in establishing <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Central Philippine University">Central Philippine University</a>, the first <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> and second <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="United States">American</a> university in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Asia">Asia</a>, in 1905 in the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67"><span></span></sup> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67"><span></span><span></span></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />
His <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="General Education Board">General Education Board</a>, founded in 1903,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brison_69-0"><span> </span><span></span></sup>was established to promote education at all levels everywhere in the country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Jones-Wilson_70-0"><span> </span><span></span></sup>In keeping with the historic missions of the Baptists, it was especially active in supporting black schools in the South.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Jones-Wilson_70-1"><span></span><span></span></sup> Rockefeller also provided financial support to such established eastern institutions as <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Yale">Yale</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Harvard">Harvard</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Brown University">Brown</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Bryn Mawr College">Bryn Mawr</a>, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley</a> and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Vassar College">Vassar</a>. The study had been undertaken by the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching">Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching</a>; it revolutionized the study of medicine in the United States.<br />
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Rockefeller and his son <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="John D. Rockefeller, Jr.">John D. Rockefeller, Jr.</a> in 1915</div>
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Despite his personal preference for <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a>, Rockefeller, on Gates's advice, became one of the first great benefactors of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Medical science">medical science</a>. In 1901, he founded the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brison_69-1"><span></span><span></span></sup> in New York City. It changed its name to <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a> in 1965, after expanding its mission to include graduate education.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71"><span></span><span></span></sup> It claims a connection to 23 Nobel laureates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72"><span></span><span></span></sup> He founded the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission in 1909,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brison_69-2"><span></span><span></span></sup> an organization that eventually eradicated the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Hookworm">hookworm</a> disease,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"><span></span><span></span></sup> which had long plagued rural areas of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="American South">American South</a>. His General Education Board made a dramatic impact by funding the recommendations of the <i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Flexner Report">Flexner Report</a></i> of 1910. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
He created the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a> in 1913<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74"><span></span><span></span></sup> to continue and expand the scope of the work of the Sanitary Commission,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brison_69-3"><span></span><span></span></sup> which was closed in 1915.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75"><span> </span><span></span></sup>He gave nearly $250 million to the foundation,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Weir_63-1"><span></span><span></span></sup> which focused on public health, medical training, and the arts. It endowed <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health">Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brison_69-4"><span></span><span></span></sup> the first of its kind<sup>.</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76"><span></span><span></span></sup> It also built the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="Peking Union Medical College">Peking Union Medical College</a> in China into a notable institution.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fosdick_65-1"><span> </span><span></span></sup>The foundation helped in <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="World War I">World War I</a> war relief,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><span></span><span></span></sup> and it employed <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> of Canada to study industrial relations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78"><span></span><span></span></sup> In the 1920s, the Rockefeller Foundation funded a hookworm eradication campaign through the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title="International Health Division">International Health Division</a>.
This campaign used a combination of politics and science, along with
collaboration between healthcare workers and government officials to
accomplish its goals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79"><span></span><span></span></sup><br />
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Rockefeller's fourth main philanthropy, the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Foundation, was created in 1918.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-80"><span></span><span></span></sup>
Through this, he supported work in the social studies; this was later
absorbed into the Rockefeller Foundation. In total Rockefeller donated
about $550 million.</blockquote>
"...use my money to assist the Cancer Crusade...."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
There seems to be no organization called simply the Cancer Crusade. THere is a Kid's Cancer Crusade and things of that nature.</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<br />Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-53302715343199829202014-01-24T09:04:00.000-08:002014-01-24T09:04:00.560-08:00Iceberg: Stock exchange and morepg 220<br />
<br />
"Hermit Limited is international in scope, but you won't find it on any stock exchange..."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<br />
A <b>stock exchange</b> is a form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_%28organized_market%29" title="Exchange (organized market)">exchange</a> which provides services for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokerage_firm" title="Brokerage firm">stock brokers</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trader_%28finance%29" title="Trader (finance)">traders</a> to trade <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_%28finance%29" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>, and other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_%28finance%29" title="Security (finance)">securities</a>.
Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of
securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including
the payment of income and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">dividends</a>. Securities traded on a stock exchange include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a> issued by companies, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_trust" title="Unit trust">unit trusts</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_%28finance%29" title="Derivative (finance)">derivatives</a>, pooled investment products and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_%28finance%29" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>.
Stock exchanges often function as "continuous auction" markets, with
buyers and sellers consummating transactions at a central location, such
as the floor of the exchange<br />
<br />
Securities markets took centuries to develop.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_exchange#cite_note-4"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> The idea of debt dates back to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_world" title="Ancient world">ancient world</a>, as evidenced for example by ancient <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> clay tablets recording interest-bearing loans. There is little consensus among scholars as to when corporate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a> was first traded. Some see the key event as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>'s founding in 1602, while others point to earlier developments. Economist Ulrike Malmendier of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California_at_Berkeley" title="University of California at Berkeley">University of California at Berkeley</a> argues that a share market existed as far back as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a>.<br />
In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, which existed for centuries before the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> was founded, there were <i>societates publicanorum</i>,
organizations of contractors or leaseholders who performed
temple-building and other services for the government. One such service
was the feeding of geese on the Capitoline Hill as a reward to the birds
after their honking warned of a Gallic invasion in 390 B.C.
Participants in such organizations had <i>partes</i> or shares, a concept mentioned various times by the statesman and orator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>.
In one speech, Cicero mentions "shares that had a very high price at
the time." Such evidence, in Malmendier's view, suggests the instruments
were tradable, with fluctuating values based on an organization's
success. The <i>societas</i> declined into obscurity in the time of the emperors, as most of their services were taken over by direct agents of the state.<br />
Tradable <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_%28finance%29" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> as a commonly used type of security were a more recent innovation, spearheaded by the Italian city-states of the late <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval" title="Medieval">medieval</a> and early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> periods.<br />
In 1171, the authorities of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>, concerned about their war-depleted treasury, drew a forced loan from the citizenry. Such debt, known as <i>prestiti</i>,
paid 5 percent interest per year and had an indefinite maturity date.
Initially regarded with suspicion, it came to be seen as a valuable
investment that could be bought and sold. The bond market had begun....</blockquote>
<br />
Whenever the Wall Street Journal listed their one hundred wealthiest men in the world, Kelly's name always stood at the top.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Wall Street</b> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">financial district</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street#cite_note-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> named after and centered on the eight-block-long, 0.7 miles (1.1 km) long street running from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_%28New_York_City%29" title="Broadway (New York City)">Broadway</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Street_%28Manhattan%29" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South Street</a> on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>. Over time, the term has become a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonym" title="Metonym">metonym</a>
for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, the American
financial sector (even if financial firms are not physically located
there), or signifying New York-based financial interests.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street#cite_note-3"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
Wall Street is the home of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies<sup>.</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street#cite_note-4"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Mercantile_Exchange" title="New York Mercantile Exchange">New York Mercantile Exchange</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Board_of_Trade" title="New York Board of Trade">New York Board of Trade</a>, and the former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Stock_Exchange" title="American Stock Exchange">American Stock Exchange</a>. Anchored by Wall Street, New York City is one of the world's principal <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_center" title="Financial center">financial centers</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<i><b>The Wall Street Journal</b></i> is an American English-language
international daily newspaper with a special emphasis on business and
economic news. It is published six days a week in New York City by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company" title="Dow Jones & Company">Dow Jones & Company</a>, a division of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corp" title="News Corp">News Corp</a>, along with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal_Asia" title="The Wall Street Journal Asia">Asian</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal_Europe" title="The Wall Street Journal Europe">European</a> editions of the <i>Journal</i>.<br />
The <i>Journal</i> is the largest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_States_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United States by circulation">newspaper in the United States, by circulation</a>. According to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_for_Audited_Media" title="Alliance for Audited Media">Alliance for Audited Media</a>, it has a circulation of about 2.4 million copies (including nearly 900,000 digital subscriptions), as of March 2013,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Plambeck_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal#cite_note-Plambeck-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> compared with <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'</span>s 1.7 million. Its main rival in the business newspaper sector is the London-based <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>, which also publishes several international editions.<br />
The <i>Journal</i> primarily covers <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">American economic</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_business" title="International business">international business</a> topics, and financial news and issues. Its name derives from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, located in New York City, which is the heart of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">financial district</a>; it has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8, 1889, by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dow" title="Charles Dow">Charles Dow</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jones_%28statistician%29" title="Edward Jones (statistician)">Edward Jones</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bergstresser" title="Charles Bergstresser">Charles Bergstresser</a>. The newspaper version has won the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> thirty-four times<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal#cite_note-3"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Pulitzer_Prize" title="2007 Pulitzer Prize">2007 prizes</a> for its reporting on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Options_backdating" title="Options backdating">backdated stock options</a> and the adverse effects of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_reform_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Economic reform in the People's Republic of China">China's booming economy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal#cite_note-4"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal#cite_note-5"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
In 2011, The Wall Street Journal was ranked No. 1 in BtoB's Media Power 50 for the 12th consecutive year.</blockquote>
Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-21867329333116689612014-01-22T10:57:00.002-08:002014-01-22T10:58:22.200-08:00Iceberg: Smoking a cigarpg 217<br />
<br />
The cigars were carried into the room within a sterling silver case and presented for everyone's selection.... After the lighting ritual, each man holding his cigar over a candle, warming it to the desired temperature, the servants passed around the Rouche brandy, the heavy, yellow-brown liquid in exotically designed snifter glasses<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
A <b>cigar</b> is a tightly-rolled bundle of dried and fermented <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> that is ignited so that its smoke may be drawn into the mouth. Cigar tobacco is grown in significant quantities in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> (Spain), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern United States</a>. The origins of cigar smoking are still unknown. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, a ceramic pot dating back to the tenth century features a Mayan smoking tobacco leaves tied together with a string.<br />
<br />
Although some cigars are cut on both ends, or twirled at both ends, the
vast majority come with one straight cut end and one end in a "cap".
Most quality handmade cigars, regardless of shape, will have a cap which
is one or more small pieces of a wrapper pasted onto one end of the
cigar with either a natural tobacco paste or with a mixture of flour and
water. The cap end of a cigar must be cut off for the cigar to be
smoked properly. It is the rounded end without the tobacco exposed, and
this is the end one should always cut. If the cap is cut jaggedly or
without care, the end of the cigar will not burn evenly and smokeable
tobacco will be lost. Some cigar manufacturers purposely place different
types of tobacco from one end to the other to give the cigar smokers a
variety of tastes, body and strength from start to finish. Smoking a
cigar from the wrong end may result in a bad experience.<br />
<br />
The "head" of the cigar is usually the end closest to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigar_band" title="Cigar band">cigar band</a>.
The opposite end of the cigar is called the "foot". The band identifies
the type of the cigar and may be removed or left on. The smoker cuts
the cap from the head of the cigar and ignites the foot of the cigar.
The smoker draws smoke from the head of the cigar with the mouth and
lips, usually not inhaling into the lungs.<br />
When lighting, the cigar should be rotated to achieve an even burn
and the air should be slowly drawn with gentle puffs. A flame that may
impart its own flavor to the cigar should not be used. The tip of the
cigar should minimally touch the flame, the heat of the flame from a
butane or torch lighter can burn the tobacco leafs. A match or cedar
spill flame is a milder flame to be used.<br />
Cigars can be lit with the use of butane-filled lighters. Butane is
colorless, odorless and burns clean with very little, if any, flavor;
but are quite hot as a flame source. It is not recommended to use
(lighter) fluid-filled lighters and paper matches since they can
influence the taste.<br />
A second option is wooden matches, but the smoker must ensure the
chemical head of the match has burned away and only the burning wooden
section is used to light the cigar. Depending on the manufacturer, the
chemical head portion of the matchstick may contain one or more of the
following: gelatin, paraffin wax, potassium chlorate, barium chlorate,
glue, polyvinyl chlorides, phosphorus trisulfide, and clay. The strike
plate to ignite the match may contain one more of the following: glass
particles, red phosphorus and glue.<br />
A third and most traditional way to light a cigar is to use a cedar
spill. A spill is a splinter or a slender piece of wood or twisted
paper, for lighting candles, lamps, campfires or fireplaces, etc. A
cedar spill for lighting a cigar is a torn narrow strip of Spanish cedar
(ideally) and lit using whatever flame source is handy.<br />
Cigars packaged in boxes or metal tubes may contain a thin wrapping
of cedar that may be used to light a cigar, minimizing the problem of
lighters or matches affecting the taste. Cedar spills, matches and
lighters are all commercially available.<br />
<br />
Each brand and type of cigar tastes different. While the wrapper does
not entirely determine the flavor of the cigar, darker wrappers tend to
produce a sweetness, while lighter wrappers usually have a "drier"
taste.
Whether a cigar is mild, medium, or full bodied does not correlate with
quality. Some words used to describe cigar flavor and texture include;
spicy, peppery (red or black), sweet, harsh, burnt, green, earthy,
woody, cocoa, chestnut, roasted, aged, nutty, creamy, cedar, oak, chewy,
fruity, and leathery.<br />
Cigar smoke, which is not typically inhaled, tastes of tobacco with
nuances of other tastes. Many different things affect the scent of cigar
smoke: tobacco type, quality of the cigar, added flavors, age and
humidity, production method (handmade vs. machine-made) and more.A fine cigar can taste completely different from inhaled cigarette
smoke. When smoke is inhaled, as is usual with cigarettes, the tobacco
flavor is less noticeable than the sensation from the smoke. Some cigar
enthusiasts use a vocabulary similar to that of wine-tasters to describe
the overtones and undertones observed while smoking a cigar. Journals
are available for recording personal ratings, description of flavors
observed, sizes, brands, etc. Cigar tasting is in such respects similar
to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine-tasting" title="Wine-tasting">wine</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">whisky</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a> tasting.<br />
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevalence" title="Prevalence">prevalence</a>
of cigar smoking varies depending on location, historical period, and
population surveyed, and prevalence estimates vary somewhat depending on
the survey method. The U.S. is the top consuming country by far,
followed by Germany and the UK; the U.S. and western Europe account for
about 75% of cigar sales worldwide.
The 2005 U.S. National Health Interview Survey estimated that 2.2% of
adults smoke cigars, about the same as smokeless tobacco but far less
than the 21% of adults who smoke cigarettes; it also estimated that 4.3%
of men but only 0.3% of women smoke cigars.The 2002 U.S. National Survey of Drug Use and Health found that adults
with serious psychological distress are significantly more likely to
smoke cigars than those without.
A 2007 California study found that gay men and bisexual women smoke
significantly fewer cigars than the general population of men and women,
respectively.Substantial and steady increases in cigar smoking were observed during
the 1990s and early 2000s in the U.S. among both adults and adolescents.
Data suggest that cigar usage among young adult males increased
threefold during the 1990s, a 1999–2000 survey of 31,107 young adult
U.S. military recruits found that 12.3% smoked cigars,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigar#cite_note-46"> </a></sup>and a 2003–2004 survey of 4,486 high school students in a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwestern" title="Midwestern">Midwestern</a> county found that 18% smoked cigars </blockquote>
Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-61839331055442425272013-08-21T08:15:00.001-07:002013-08-21T08:15:15.125-07:00Iceberg: Rheostat and morepg 212<br />
<br />
The servant turned a rheostat and dimmed the lights.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The most common way to vary the resistance in a circuit is to use a <b>rheostat</b>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheostat#cite_note-4"><span></span><span></span></a></sup>
which is a two-terminal variable resistor. For low-power applications
(less than about 1 watt) a three-terminal potentiometer is often used,
with one terminal unconnected or connected to the wiper.<br />
<br />
Where the rheostat must be rated for higher power (more than about 1
watt), it may be built with a resistance wire wound around a
semicircular insulator, with the wiper sliding from one turn of the wire
to the next. Sometimes a rheostat is made from resistance wire wound on
a heat-resisting cylinder, with the slider made from a number of metal
fingers that grip lightly onto a small portion of the turns of
resistance wire. The "fingers" can be moved along the coil of resistance
wire by a sliding knob thus changing the "tapping" point. Wire-wound
rheostats made with ratings up to several thousand watts are used in
applications such as DC motor drives, electric welding controls, or in
the controls for generators. The rating of the rheostat is given with
the full resistance value and the allowable power dissipation is
proportional to the fraction of the total device resistance in circuit.</blockquote>
It might have been said that Pitt suffered the agonies of the damned for the next hour and a half<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Damnation</b> (from Latin <i><a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/damnatio" title="wikt:damnatio">damnatio</a></i>) is the concept of everlasting <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_punishment" title="Divine punishment">divine punishment</a> and/or disgrace, especially the punishment for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> as threatened by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> (e.g. <a class="external text" href="http://bibref.hebtools.com/?book=%20Mark&verse=3:29&src=KJV" rel="nofollow">Mark 3:29</a>). A damned being "in damnation" is said to be either in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>, or living in a state wherein they are divorced from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> and/or in a state of disgrace from God's favor. In Catholic doctrine those Christians in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">purgatory</a> (the "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Suffering" title="Church Suffering">Church Suffering</a>"),
are not considered damned, because their stay there is not eternal,
while people who are damned to Hell will stay there eternally.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In some forms of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christian</a> belief, damnation to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_in_Christian_beliefs" title="Hell in Christian beliefs">hell</a>
is what humanity deserves for its sins. Much of the time, these sins
are related to those of Adam and Eve in the book of Genesis. Only
through the grace of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>
and salvation through Jesus Christ, can one atone for their sins and
escape damnation. One conception is of eternal suffering and denial of
entrance to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a>, often described in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> as burning in a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_of_Fire" title="Lake of Fire">Lake of Fire</a>. Another conception, derived from the scripture about <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Gehenna</a></i>
is simply that people will be discarded (burned), as being unworthy of
preservation by God. The reasons for being damned have varied widely
through the centuries, with little consistency between different forms
of Christianity (i.e., Catholic or Protestant). Sins ranging from murder
to dancing have been said to lead to damnation. In some belief systems,
only the sins that the Ten Commandments describe cause damnation, but
others apply more strict terms.<br />
In Eastern Christian traditions (<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a>), as well as some Western traditions, it is seen as a state of opposition to the love of God,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnation#cite_note-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> a state into which all humans are born but against which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ" title="Christ">Christ</a> is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation" title="Mediation">Mediator</a> and Redeemer.</blockquote>
"Should the guardian friend or mother..." Samuel Johnson<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Samuel Johnson</b> (18 September 1709 <span style="font-size: 90%;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 7 September]</span> – 13 December 1784), often referred to as <b>Dr Johnson</b>, was an English writer who made lasting contributions to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a> as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicographer" title="Lexicographer">lexicographer</a>. Johnson was a devout <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> and committed <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tory_%28British_political_party%29" title="Tory (British political party)">Tory</a>, and has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson#cite_note-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> He is also the subject of 'the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature' : <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell" title="James Boswell">James Boswell</a>'s <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Samuel_Johnson" title="Life of Samuel Johnson">Life of Samuel Johnson</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Batexix_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson#cite_note-Batexix-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
Born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a>, Staffordshire, Johnson attended <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford" title="Pembroke College, Oxford">Pembroke College, Oxford</a>
for just over a year, before his lack of funds forced him to leave.
After working as a teacher he moved to London, where he began to write
for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gentleman%27s_Magazine" title="The Gentleman's Magazine">The Gentleman's Magazine</a></i>. His early works include the biography <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_Savage" title="Life of Savage">The Life of Richard Savage</a></i>, the poems "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_%281738_poem%29" title="London (1738 poem)">London</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vanity_of_Human_Wishes" title="The Vanity of Human Wishes">The Vanity of Human Wishes</a>", and the play <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene_%28play%29" title="Irene (play)">Irene</a></i>.<br />
After nine years of work, Johnson's <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="A Dictionary of the English Language">A Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> was published in 1755. It had a far-reaching effect on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> and has been described as "one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bate240_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson#cite_note-Bate240-3"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> This work brought Johnson popularity and success. Until the completion of the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> 150 years later, Johnson's was viewed as the pre-eminent British dictionary.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lynch_p._1_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson#cite_note-Lynch_p._1-4"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> His later works included essays, an influential annotated edition of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plays_of_William_Shakespeare" title="The Plays of William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare's plays</a>, and the widely read tale <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_Rasselas,_Prince_of_Abissinia" title="The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia">Rasselas</a></i>. In 1763, he befriended <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell" title="James Boswell">James Boswell</a>, with whom he later travelled to Scotland; Johnson described their travels in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Journey_to_the_Western_Islands_of_Scotland" title="A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland">A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland</a></i>. Towards the end of his life, he produced the massive and influential <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Eminent_English_Poets" title="Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets">Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets</a></i>, a collection of biographies and evaluations of 17th- and 18th-century poets.<br />
Johnson had a tall and robust figure. His odd gestures and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic" title="Tic">tics</a> were confusing to some on their first encounter with him. Boswell's <i>Life</i>, along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_contemporary_accounts_of_Samuel_Johnson%27s_life" title="List of contemporary accounts of Samuel Johnson's life">other biographies</a>, documented Johnson's behaviour and mannerisms in such detail that they have informed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson%27s_health#Posthumous_diagnosis" title="Samuel Johnson's health">posthumous diagnosis</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette_syndrome" title="Tourette syndrome">Tourette syndrome</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ContTSDiagnosis_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson#cite_note-ContTSDiagnosis-5"><span></span><span></span></a></sup>
a condition not defined or diagnosed in the 18th century. After a
series of illnesses he died on the evening of 13 December 1784, and was
buried in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.
In the years following his death, Johnson began to be recognised as
having had a lasting effect on literary criticism, and even as the only
great critic of English literature</blockquote>
<br />
<table align="CENTER" bgcolor="#ffffff" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" style="width: 601px;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="CENTER"><span style="color: #9c9c63;"><span><b>A Satire</b></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td align="CENTER"><span style="color: #9c9c63;"><span>By Samuel Johnson (1709–1784)</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="CENTER" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>L<span>ONG-EXPECTED</span> one-and-twenty,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="1"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Ling’ring year, at length is flown;</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="2"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Pride and pleasure, pomp and plenty,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="3"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Great (Sir John), are now your own.</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="4"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>Loosen’d from the minor’s tether,</td><td align="RIGHT" valign="TOP"><span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="5"><i> 5</i></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td> Free to mortgage or to sell,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="6"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Wild as wind, and light as feather,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="7"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Bid the sons of thrift farewell.</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="8"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>Call the Betseys, Kates, and Jennies,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="9"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> All the names that banish care;</td><td align="RIGHT" valign="TOP"><span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="10"><i> 10</i></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td>Lavish of your grandsire’s guineas,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="11"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Show the spirits of an heir.</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="12"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>All that prey on vice and folly,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="13"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Joy to see their quarry fly;</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="14"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td>There the gamester, light and jolly,</td><td align="RIGHT" valign="TOP"><span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="15"><i> 15</i></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td> There the lender, grave and sly.</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="16"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>Wealth, my lad, was made to wander,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="17"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Let it wander as it will;</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="18"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Call the jockey, call the pander,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="19"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Bid them come and take their fill.</td><td align="RIGHT" valign="TOP"><span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="20"><i> 20</i></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>When the bonny blade carouses,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="21"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Pockets full, and spirits high—</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="22"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td>What are acres? What are houses?</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="23"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> Only dirt, or wet or dry.</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="24"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td>Should the guardian, friend, or mother,</td><td align="RIGHT" valign="TOP"><span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="25"><i> 25</i></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td> Tell the woes of wilful waste,</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="26"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Scorn their counsel, scorn their pother,—</td><td><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="27"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td> You can hang or drown at last!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-14611367802668745572013-06-01T07:27:00.001-07:002013-06-01T07:27:12.596-07:00Iceberg: A ship must have hit an old WWII mie and morepg. 208<br />
<br />
"You'e probably thinking along the same lines as Admiral Sandecker. A ship might have hit an old WWII mine<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Hundreds of thousands of naval mines had been lain during WWII, placed on chains on the seafloor. When a chain rusts through the mine rises to the surface and occasionally is hit by a modern day ship and explodes.</blockquote>
<br />
He helped himself to the hors d'ouvres<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Hors d'oeuvre</b> (or-derves) literally "apart from the [main] work") or the <b>first course</b>, are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> items served before the main courses of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">meal</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvres#cite_note-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> The French (singular and plural) is <i>hors d’œuvre</i>; in English, the <i>œ</i> ligature is usually replaced by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digraph_%28orthography%29" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> "oe" with the plural often written as "hors d'oeuvres" <span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ɔr/ 'or' in 'born'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'d' in 'dye'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ɜr/ 'ir' in 'bird'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'v' in 'vie'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'z' in 'Zion'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span></span>There are several related terms, such as a one-bite appetizer, an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuse-bouche" title="Amuse-bouche">amuse-bouche</a> </blockquote>
<br />
"Playboy is the only publication I bother with."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><b>Playboy</b></i> is an American <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s_magazine" title="Men's magazine">men's magazine</a> that features photographs of nude women as well as journalism and fiction. It was founded in Chicago in 1953 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Hefner" title="Hugh Hefner">Hugh Hefner</a> and his associates, and funded in part by a $1,000 loan from Hefner's mother.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-3"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> The magazine has grown into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy_Enterprises" title="Playboy Enterprises">Playboy Enterprises, Inc.</a>, with a presence in nearly every medium. <i>Playboy</i> is one of the world's best known brands.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-4"><span> </span><span></span></a></sup> In addition to the flagship magazine in the United States, special <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#International_editions">nation-specific versions</a> of <i>Playboy</i> are published worldwide.<br />
The magazine has a long history of publishing short stories by notable novelists such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Watts_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-Watts-5"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Watts_5-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-Watts-5"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-6"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Palahniuk" title="Chuck Palahniuk">Chuck Palahniuk</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Watts_5-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-Watts-5"><span></span><span></span></a></sup>and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Watts_5-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-Watts-5"><span></span><span></span></a></sup>With a regular display of full-page color cartoons, it became a showcase for notable cartoonists, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Cole_%28artist%29" title="Jack Cole (artist)">Jack Cole</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-7"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldon_Dedini" title="Eldon Dedini">Eldon Dedini</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-8"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Feiffer" title="Jules Feiffer">Jules Feiffer</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-9"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shel_Silverstein" title="Shel Silverstein">Shel Silverstein</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-10"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> Erich Sokol<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Watts_5-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-Watts-5"><span></span></a></sup> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowland_B._Wilson" title="Rowland B. Wilson">Rowland B. Wilson</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-eli_11-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy#cite_note-eli-11"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
<i>Playboy</i> features monthly interviews of notable public figures,
such as artists, architects, economists, composers, conductors, film
directors, journalists, novelists, playwrights, religious figures,
politicians, athletes and race car drivers. The magazine generally
reflects a liberal editorial stance</blockquote>
Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-10036901785585861092013-05-21T06:57:00.001-07:002013-05-21T06:57:16.956-07:00Iceberg: President's mansion at Bessastadier and morepg 205<br />
<br />
the President (of Iceland's) mansion at Bessastadir<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Bessastaðir</b> is today the official residence of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">President of Iceland</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessastadir#cite_note-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> and is situated on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ab%C3%A6r" title="Garðabær">Garðabær</a>, not far from the capital city, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
After the slaying of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>
in September 1241, Bessastaðir was claimed by the King of Norway.
Thereafter it became a Royal stronghold and the dwellings of the King's
highest-ranking officers and officials in Iceland. It resisted an attack
by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Abductions" title="Turkish Abductions">Turkish slave raiders in July 1627</a>.
In the late 18th century Bessastaðir was changed into a school for a
few years and until 1944 when it was donated to the President it was a
common farm. The location is named after Sigurður Jónasson Bessastaðir
who bought the estate in 1940 and donated it in 1941. </blockquote>
<br />
Even a Russian-built Zis stood temporarily in the circular driveway<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Zavod imeni Likhachova</b>, more commonly called <b>ZIL</b> (or <b>ZiL</b>,
Russian: Завод имени Лихачёва (ЗиЛ)—Likhachev Factory, literally
"Factory named after Likhachov") is a major Russian truck and heavy
equipment manufacturer, which also produced armored cars for most <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> leaders, as well as buses, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armored_fighting_vehicle" title="Armored fighting vehicle">armored fighting vehicles</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosani" title="Aerosani">aerosani</a>. The company also produces hand-built <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">limousines</a> and high-end <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxury_sedan" title="Luxury sedan">luxury sedans</a>
(автомобиль представительского класса, also translated as "luxury
vehicle") in extremely low quantities, primarily for the Russian
government. ZIL passenger cars are priced at the equivalent of models
from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maybach" title="Maybach">Maybach</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce_car" title="Rolls-Royce car">Rolls-Royce</a>, but are largely unknown outside the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a> and production rarely exceeds a dozen cars per year.</blockquote>
<br />
Pitt's outfit looked like a cross between a Louis XI court costume and God knew what.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Louis XI</b> (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called <b>the Prudent</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <span lang="fr"><i>le Prudent</i></span>), was a monarch of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> who ruled as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">King of France</a> from 1461 to 1483. He succeeded his father <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a>.<br />
A devious and disobedient <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin of France</a>, Louis entered into open rebellion against his father in a short-lived revolt known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praguerie" title="Praguerie">Praguerie</a> (1440). The king forgave his rebellious vassals, including his son Louis, to whom he entrusted the management of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>.<br />
Louis' ceaseless intrigues, however, led his father to banish him
from court. From the Dauphiné, he led his own political establishment
and married <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_of_Savoy" title="Charlotte of Savoy">Charlotte of Savoy</a>, daughter of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Louis, Duke of Savoy">Louis, Duke of Savoy</a>, against the will of his father. Charles VII sent an army to compel his son to his will, but Louis fled to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, where he was hosted by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_the_Good" title="Philip the Good">Philip the Good</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a>, Charles' greatest enemy.<br />
When Charles VII died in 1461, Louis left the Burgundian court to
take possession of his kingdom. His taste for intrigue and his intense
diplomatic activity earned him the nicknames <b>the Cunning</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a>: <i>le rusé</i>) and <b>the Universal Spider</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_French" title="Middle French">Middle French</a>: <i>l'universelle aragne</i> ), as his enemies accused him of spinning webs of plots and conspiracies.<br />
In 1472, the Duke of Burgundy, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundian_Wars" title="Burgundian Wars">took up arms</a> against his rival Louis, who was able to isolate the Duke from his English allies by signing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Picquigny" title="Treaty of Picquigny">Treaty of Picquigny</a> (1475) with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV of England</a>. The treaty formally ended the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. With the death of Charles the Bold at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nancy" title="Battle of Nancy">Battle of Nancy</a>
in 1477, the dynasty of the dukes of Burgundy died out. Louis took
advantage of the situation to seize numerous Burgundian territories,
including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy proper</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a>.<br />
Without direct foreign threats, Louis was able to eliminate his
rebellious vassals, expand royal power, and strengthen the economic
development of his country. He died in 1483 and was succeeded by his son
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a>.</blockquote>
Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-1509446956824356992013-05-06T07:27:00.001-07:002013-05-06T07:29:21.247-07:00Iceberg: Circumstantial proof and morepg 197<br />
<br />
"So you've selected Oskar Ronndheim as your villain," Lillie murmured. :You haven't convinced me with any solid proof."<br />
<br />
"I agree, it's all circumstantial," Pitt said.<br />
<blockquote><b>Circumstantial evidence</b> is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a> in which an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference" title="Inference">inference</a> is required to connect it to a conclusion of fact, like a fingerprint at the scene of a crime. By contrast, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_evidence" title="Direct evidence">direct evidence</a> supports the truth of an assertion directly—i.e., without need for any additional evidence or the intervening inference.<br />
On its own, it is the nature of circumstantial evidence for more than one explanation to still be possible. Inference from one piece of circumstantial evidence may not guarantee accuracy. Circumstantial evidence usually accumulates into a collection, so that the pieces then become <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corroborating_evidence" title="Corroborating evidence">corroborating evidence</a>. Together, they may more strongly support one particular <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference" title="Inference">inference</a> over another. An explanation involving circumstantial evidence becomes more valid as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_(truth)" title="Proof (truth)">proof</a> of a fact when the alternative explanations have been ruled out.<br />
Circumstantial evidence allows a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trier_of_fact" title="Trier of fact">trier of fact</a> to deduce a fact exists.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumstantial_evidence#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> In criminal law, the inference is made by the trier of facts in order to support the truth of assertion (of guilt or absence of guilt).<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testimony" title="Testimony">Testimony</a> can be direct evidence or it can be circumstantial. If the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness" title="Witness">witness</a> claims they saw the crime take place, this is considered direct evidence. For instance, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness" title="Witness">witness</a> saying that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defendant" title="Defendant">defendant</a> stabbed the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_victim" title="Crime victim">victim</a> is direct evidence. By contrast, a witness who says that she saw the defendant enter a house, that she heard screaming, and that she saw the defendant leave with a bloody knife gives circumstantial evidence. It is the necessity for inference, and not the obviousness of a conclusion, that determines whether or not evidence is circumstantial.<br />
<a class="mw-redirect href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_evidence" title="Forensic evidence">Forensic evidence</a> supplied by an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_witness" title="Expert witness">expert witness</a> is usually circumstantial evidence. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_science" title="Forensic science">forensic scientist</a> who testifies that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistics</a> proves the defendant’s firearm killed the victim gives circumstantial evidence from which the defendant’s guilt may be inferred. (Note that an inference of guilt could be incorrect if the person who actually fired the weapon was somebody else.)<br />
On the other hand, the additional circumstantial evidence of the defendant's fingerprint on the trigger would dovetail with this piece to provide corroborating evidence.<br />
The two areas in which circumstantial evidence is of most importance are civil and criminal cases where direct evidence is lacking.</blockquote>'<br />
<br /></blockquote>
"Shall I mention the name or would you like it written on paper and sealed in an envelope by Price Waterhouse?"<br />
<blockquote><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Lowell_Price" title="Samuel Lowell Price">Samuel Lowell Price</a>, an accountant, founded an accountancy practice in London in 1849.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pwhistory_10-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_Waterhouse#cite_note-pwhistory-10">[10]</a></sup> In 1865 Price went into partnership with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hopkins_Holyland" title="William Hopkins Holyland">William Hopkins Holyland</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Waterhouse" title="Edwin Waterhouse">Edwin Waterhouse</a>. Holyland left shortly after to work alone in accountancy and the firm was known from 1874 as Price, Waterhouse & Co. (The comma was dropped from the name much later.) The original partnership agreement, signed by Price, Holyland and Waterhouse could be found in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwark_Towers" title="Southwark Towers">Southwark Towers</a>, one of PwC's important legacy offices (now demolished).<br />
By the late 19th century, Price Waterhouse had gained significant recognition as an accounting firm. As a result of growing trade between the United Kingdom and the United States, Price Waterhouse opened an office in New York in 1890,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pwhistory_10-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_Waterhouse#cite_note-pwhistory-10">[10]</a></sup> and the American firm itself soon expanded rapidly. The original British firm opened an office in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in 1904<sup> </sup>and then elsewhere in the United Kingdom and worldwide, each time establishing a separate partnership in each country: the worldwide practice of PW was therefore a federation of collaborating firms that had grown organically rather than being the result of an international merger.<br />
In a further effort to take advantage of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale" title="Economies of scale">economies of scale</a>, PW and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Andersen" title="Arthur Andersen">Arthur Andersen</a> discussed a merger in 1989 but the negotiations failed mainly because of conflicts of interest such as Andersen's strong commercial links with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> and PW's audit of IBM as well as the radically different cultures of the two firms. It was said by those involved with the failed merger that at the end of the discussion, the partners at the table realized they had different views of business, and the potential merger was scrapped.</blockquote>Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-31475829815247173792013-04-28T10:48:00.004-07:002013-04-28T10:48:46.315-07:00WowHad no idea I'd missed so many weeks.<br />
<br />
Will be back on schedule tomorrow.Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-6152494161699627152013-02-26T08:12:00.002-08:002013-02-26T08:12:11.436-08:00Only slightly less serious than getting involved in a land war in AsiaTranscribing 20 hours of meetings from an Australian business meeting.
That's what I've been doing for the last 4 days...utter nightmare. Could NOT understand their accents. Making it worse were the bad audio levels and the fact that a lot of the people preesnt insisted on talking over each other from all around the room except in front of the microphone... I will never transcribe ANYTHING every again.
Anyway, so sorry to be MIA from my blogs.Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-81740091202204999282013-02-18T08:16:00.000-08:002013-05-06T07:18:36.585-07:00Iceberg: Colt derringer and morepg 191<br />
<br />
<strong>There is a .25 caliber Colt derringer</strong><br />
The term <b>derringer</b> is a genericized misspelling of the last name of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Deringer" title="Henry Deringer">Henry Deringer</a>, a famous 19th-century maker of small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_pistol" title="Pocket pistol">pocket pistols</a>. Many copies of the original Philadelphia Deringer pistol were made by other gun makers worldwide, and the name was often misspelled; this misspelling soon became an alternate generic term for any pocket pistol, along with the generic phrase <b>palm pistol</b> Deringer's competitors invented and used in their advertising. The original Deringer pistol was a single-shot <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzleloading</a> pistol; with the advent of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_(weaponry)" title="Cartridge (weaponry)">cartridge</a> firearms, pistols began to be produced in the modern form still known as a derringer.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_pistol" title="Pocket pistol">Pocket pistols</a> may be considered modern-day versions of derringers.<br />
<br />
<strong>Dirk Pitt was born in the Hoag Hospital in in Newport Beach, California</strong><br />
Hoag is a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not-for-profit" title="Not-for-profit">not-for-profit</a> regional health care delivery network in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>, that treats nearly 30,000 inpatients and 350,000 outpatients annually. Hoag consists of two acute-care hospitals, seven health centers and four urgent care centers. Hoag Hospital Newport Beach, which has served Orange County since 1952, and Hoag Hospital Irvine, which opened in 2010, are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet_Recognition_Program" title="Magnet Recognition Program">Magnet®</a> designated hospitals by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Nurses_Credentialing_Center" title="American Nurses Credentialing Center">American Nurses Credentialing Center</a> (ANCC). Hoag offers a blend of health care services that include five institutes providing specialized services in the following areas: cancer, heart and vascular, neurosciences, women’s health and orthopedics through Hoag’s affiliate Hoag Orthopedic Institute. Hoag has been named one of the Best Regional Hospitals in the U.S. News & World Report Metro Edition<br />
<br />
<strong>you were already sketching up a storm while Admiral Sandecker played Izaak Walton</strong><br />
<strong>Izaak Walton</strong> (9 August 1593 – 15 December 1683) was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">English writer</a>. Best known as the author of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton#The_Compleat_Angler">The Compleat Angler</a></i>, he also wrote a number of short biographies that have been collected under the title of <i>Walton's Lives</i>.Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-53394198459987773042013-02-06T14:04:00.001-08:002013-02-06T14:04:50.884-08:00Iceberg: Keflavik and morePitt then quickly showered and changed clothes and took a taxi to the airport at Keflavik.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Keflavík</b> <span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span> meaning <i>Driftwood Bay</i>) is a town in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjanes" title="Reykjanes">Reykjanes</a> region in southwest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. In 2009 its population was of 8,169.<br />
In 1995 it merged with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njar%C3%B0v%C3%ADk" title="Njarðvík">Njarðvík</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnir" title="Hafnir">Hafnir</a> to form a municipality called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjanesb%C3%A6r" title="Reykjanesbær">Reykjanesbær</a> with a population of 13,971 (January 2011).</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
The Vikings had laned in Iceland, flourished, and then disappeared.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Vikings always did well in Iceland...it was from Greenland that they disappeared...</blockquote>
<br />
"Do you have a date with the farmer's daughter?"<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The <b>farmer's daughter</b> is a term for a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">stock character</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">stereotype</a>
in fiction for the daughter of a farmer, who is often portrayed as a
desirable and naive young woman. She is described as being an "open-air
type" and "public-spirited", who will tend to marry a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">hero</a> and settle down.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wood2006_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer%27s_daughter_%28character%29#cite_note-Wood2006-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KohlkeOrza2008_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer%27s_daughter_%28character%29#cite_note-KohlkeOrza2008-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
The character also forms the basis for a series of jokes, known as
farmer's daughter jokes, which tend to be sexual in nature and focus on
acts of promiscuity. The plot usually involves the seduction of the
daughter by another stock character, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peddler#The_Travelling_Salesman_as_a_stock_character" title="Peddler">traveling salesman</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer%27s_daughter_%28character%29#cite_note-Allen2000-3"><span></span></a></blockquote>
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<br />Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-82856784635512343252013-02-02T08:55:00.002-08:002013-02-02T08:55:55.842-08:00Iceberg: The best plans of mice nd men and morepg 175<br />
<br />
Pitt sat down on a bench over a life preserver locker and lit a cigarette. "The best plans of mice and men."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"<b>To a Mouse, on Turning Her Up in Her Nest with the Plough, November, 1785</b>"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_a_Mouse#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poem" title="Poem">poem</a> written by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1785_in_poetry" title="1785 in poetry">1785</a>, and was included in the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilmarnock_volume" title="Kilmarnock volume">Kilmarnock volume</a></i>. According to legend, Burns wrote the poem after finding a nest full of mice during the winter.<br />
<br />
Wee, sleekit, cow'rin, tim'rous beastie,<br />
O, what a panic's in thy breastie!<br />
Thou need na start awa sae hasty<br />
Wi bickering brattle!<br />
I wad be laith to rin an' chase thee,<br />
Wi' murdering pattle.<br />
I'm truly sorry man's dominion<br />
Has broken Nature's social union,<br />
An' justifies that ill opinion<br />
Which makes thee startle<br />
At me, thy poor, earth born companion<br />
An' fellow mortal!<br />
I doubt na, whyles, but thou may thieve;<br />
What then? poor beastie, thou maun live!<br />
A daimen icker in a thrave<br />
'S a sma' request;<br />
I'll get a blessin wi' the lave,<br />
An' never miss't.<br />
Thy wee-bit housie, too, in ruin!<br />
It's silly wa's the win's are strewin!<br />
An' naething, now, to big a new ane,<br />
O' foggage green!<br />
An' bleak December's win's ensuin,<br />
Baith snell an' keen!<br />
Thou saw the fields laid bare an' waste,<br />
An' weary winter comin fast,<br />
An' cozie here, beneath the blast,<br />
Thou thought to dwell,<br />
Till crash! the cruel coulter past<br />
Out thro' thy cell.<br />
That wee bit heap o' leaves an' stibble,<br />
Has cost thee monie a weary nibble!<br />
Now thou's turned out, for a' thy trouble,<br />
But house or hald,<br />
To thole the winter's sleety dribble,<br />
An' cranreuch cauld.<br />
But Mousie, thou art no thy lane,<br />
In proving foresight may be vain:<br />
<b>The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men<br />
Gang aft agley,</b><br />
An' lea'e us nought but grief an' pain,<br />
For promis'd joy!<br />
Still thou are blest, compared wi' me!<br />
The present only toucheth thee:<br />
But och! I backward cast my e'e,<br />
On prospects drear!<br />
An' forward, tho' I canna see,<br />
I guess an' fear!<br />
<br />
Perhaps most famous as the title of the play Of Mice and Men.</blockquote>
<br />
"Whoever was watching would have needed the Mount Palomar Telescope to tell Tidi was masquerading in your clothes."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Palomar Observatory</b> is a privately owned <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomical</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a> located in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County, California</a> (USA), 145 kilometers (90 mi) southeast of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palomar_Mountain_Range" title="Palomar Mountain Range">Palomar Mountain Range</a>. It is owned and operated by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (Caltech) located in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a>. Research time is granted to Caltech and its research partners, which includes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> (JPL) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palomar_Observatory#cite_note-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
The observatory operates several telescopes, including the famous 200-inch <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale_Telescope" title="Hale Telescope">Hale Telescope</a> (5.1 m) and the 48-inch <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Oschin_Telescope" title="Samuel Oschin Telescope">Samuel Oschin Telescope</a> (1.2 m). In addition, other instruments and projects have been hosted at the observatory, such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palomar_Testbed_Interferometer" title="Palomar Testbed Interferometer">Palomar Testbed Interferometer</a> and the historic 18-inch <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt_telescope" title="Schmidt telescope">Schmidt telescope</a> (0.46 m), Palomar Observatory's first telescope, dating from 1936.</blockquote>
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<br />Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-53133541780072513312013-01-29T08:32:00.001-08:002013-01-29T08:32:51.778-08:00Iceberg: "I cannot tell a lie" and morepg 166<br />
<br />
"I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my little axe."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Mason Locke Weems</b> (October 11, 1759 – May 23, 1825), generally known as <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parson" title="Parson">Parson</a> Weems</b>, was an American book agent and author. He is best known as the source of some of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocrypha" title="Apocrypha">apocryphal</a> stories about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>. The famous tale of the cherry tree ("I cannot tell a lie, I did it with my little hatchet") is included in <i>The Life of Washington</i>
(1800), Weems' most famous work. This nineteenth-century bestseller
depicted Washington's virtues and provided an entertaining and morally
instructive tale for the youth of the young nation. </blockquote>
"Stand or run, the chances are we get deep-sixed anyway."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
A nautical expression indicating a water depth of 6 <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fathom" title="fathom">fathoms</a> (36 feet) as measured by a <a class="new" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sounding_line&action=edit&redlink=1" title="sounding line (page does not exist)">sounding line</a>;
"deep six" acquired its idiomatic definition from the fact that
something thrown overboard at or greater than this depth would be
difficult if not impossible to recover. Marks on a sounding line were
traditionally placed at 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 17, and 20 fathoms. The
"leadsman" called out the depth as he read it off the line. If the depth
was at a mark he would call "by the mark" followed by the number, if
the depth was between two marks, he would call "by the deep" followed by
the estimated number. Six fathoms would therefore be reported as "by
the deep six."</blockquote>
Iceland's seemingly eternal sun greeted them in dazzling brilliance.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In the winter the shortest days only have 4 hours of sunlight. In the summer the sun doesn't set at all.<br />
<br />
<b>Iceland</b> <span class="nowrap"><sup class="noexcerpt"><span class="IPA" style="color: #0000ee; font: bold 80% sans-serif; padding: 0 .1em;"></span></sup><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/aɪ/ long 'i' in 'bide'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'s' in 'sigh'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'l' in 'lie'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'n' in 'nigh'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="'d' in 'dye'"></span></a></span><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span></span><span lang="is"></span><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland#cite_note-4"></a></sup> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> situated at the confluence of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Oceans</a>, on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Ridge" title="Mid-Atlantic Ridge">Mid-Atlantic Ridge</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CIA_Govt_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland#cite_note-CIA_Govt-5"></a></sup> The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km<sup>2</sup> (40,000 sq mi), which makes it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Statice_6-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland#cite_note-Statice-6"></a></sup> The capital and largest city is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Young2009_7-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland#cite_note-Young2009-7"></a></sup>with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country
being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanically</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_%28geology%29" title="Geothermal (geology)">geologically active</a>. The interior consists mainly of a plateau characterised by sand and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_fields" title="Lava fields">lava fields</a>, mountains and glaciers, while many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River" title="River">glacial rivers</a> flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a>.<br />
<br />
The climate of Iceland's coast is subpolar <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a>. The warm <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Current" title="North Atlantic Current">North Atlantic Current</a>
ensures generally higher annual temperatures than in most places of
similar latitude in the world. Regions in the world with similar climate
include the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaska Peninsula</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a>,
although these regions are closer to the equator. Despite its proximity
to the Arctic, the island's coasts remain ice-free through the winter.
Ice incursions are rare, the last having occurred on the north coast in
1969.<br />
<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland#cite_note-47"></a></sup><br />
<br />
There are some variations in the climate between different parts of
the island. Generally speaking, the south coast is warmer, wetter and
windier than the north. The Central Highlands are the coldest part of
the country. Low-lying inland areas in the north are the most arid.
Snowfall in winter is more common in the north than the south.<br />
<br />
The highest air temperature recorded was <span style="white-space: nowrap;">30.5 °C</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(86.9 °F)</span> on 22 June 1939 at Teigarhorn on the southeastern coast. The lowest was <span style="white-space: nowrap;">−38 °C</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(−36.4 °F)</span> on 22 January 1918 at Grímsstaðir and Möðrudalur in the northeastern hinterland. The temperature records for Reykjavík are <span style="white-space: nowrap;">26.2 °C</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(79.2 °F)</span> on 30 July 2008, and <span style="white-space: nowrap;">−24.5 °C</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(−12.1 °F)</span> on 21 January 1918.<br />
<br />
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Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-45971183066947563312013-01-24T14:12:00.001-08:002013-01-24T14:12:44.468-08:00Been a long time!Sorry, folks<br />
<br />
Things have just gotten away from me the last week and a half...posting should be back on schedule starting this weekend.Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-79313667239595842552013-01-10T14:18:00.001-08:002013-01-10T14:18:37.025-08:00Iceberg: high RPMs and morepg 162<br />
<br />
Through the blanket of mist it came as a steady drone: the sound of an engine running at very high RPMs.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Revolutions per minute</b> (abbreviated <b>rpm</b>, <b>RPM</b>, <b>r/min</b>, or <b>r·min<sup>−1</sup></b>) is a measure of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> of a rotation. It annotates the number of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_%28geometry%29" title="Turn (geometry)">full rotations</a> completed in one minute around a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_around_a_fixed_axis" title="Rotation around a fixed axis">fixed axis</a>. It is used as a measure of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational_speed" title="Rotational speed">rotational speed</a> of a mechanical component.<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">Standards organizations</a> generally recommend the symbol <i><b>r/min</b></i>,
which is more consistent with the general use of unit symbols. This is
not enforced as an international standard. In French for example, <b>tr/mn</b> (<span lang="fr">tours par minute</span>) is commonly used, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> equivalent reads <b>U/min</b> (<span lang="de">Umdrehungen pro Minute</span>).</blockquote>
"A hydrofoil. Is that it?"<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
A <b>hydrofoil</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foil_%28fluid_mechanics%29" title="Foil (fluid mechanics)">foil</a> which operates in water. They are similar in appearance and purpose to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">airfoils</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrofoil#cite_note-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
Hydrofoils can be artificial, such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">keel</a> on a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat" title="Boat">boat</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_plane" title="Diving plane">diving planes</a> on a submarine, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfboard_fin" title="Surfboard fin">surfboard fin</a>, or occur naturally, as with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_fin" title="Fish fin">fish fins</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipper_%28anatomy%29" title="Flipper (anatomy)">flippers</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_mammal" title="Aquatic mammal">aquatic mammals</a>, the wings of swimming seabirds, or other creatures like the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendraster_excentricus" title="Dendraster excentricus">sand dollar</a>.<br />
The term "hydrofoil" is commonly used for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing" title="Wing">wing</a>-like structure mounted on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strut" title="Strut">struts</a> below the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_%28ship%29" title="Hull (ship)">hull</a> of a variety of boats (see illustration), which lifts the boat out of the water during forward motion, in order to reduce hull <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_%28physics%29" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a>;
as such, the term "hydrofoil" is often used to refer to boats using
hydrofoil technology. Most of this article is about this type of
hydrofoil.<br />
As a hydrofoil-equipped watercraft increases in speed, the hydrofoil elements below the hull(s) develop enough <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_%28force%29" title="Lift (force)">lift</a>
to raise the hull up and out of the water. This results in a great
reduction in hull drag, and a further corresponding increase in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed" title="Speed">speed</a>.<br />
A wider adoption of the technical innovations of hydrofoils is
prevented by the increased complexity of building and maintaining them.
Hydrofoils are generally prohibitively more expensive than conventional
watercraft. However, the design is simple enough that there are many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-powered_hydrofoil" title="Human-powered hydrofoil">human-powered hydrofoil</a> designs. Amateur experimentation and development of the concept is popular.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrofoil#cite_note-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
A boat equipped with hydrofoils is also called a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroplane_%28boat%29" title="Hydroplane (boat)">hydroplane (boat)</a></blockquote>
"If I don't, we're going to have bigger trouble than River City."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The phrase comes from a song in Meredith Wilson's The Music Man titled
"Trouble" and also referred to as "Ya Got Trouble" or "Trouble in River
City." <br /><br /> It is sung by the character Harold Hill (a
con-man/traveling salesman pretending to be a music professor). Through
the lyrics of the song, Hill persuades the parents of River City that
the new billiard table in town is a threat to the moral fiber of the
River City youth, verbally illustrating a catastrophic decline of
conservative, turn of the century values. All this, of course, is
setting the stage for his alternative, wholesome pastime - a boy's band -
for which he will sell uniforms and musical instruments. </blockquote>
<br />
<br />Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-75062445927944795002013-01-08T08:12:00.001-08:002013-01-08T08:12:08.090-08:00Posting resumes ThursdayI know I've been saying this periodically but this will be the last time I say it...I'm visiting relatives and although they have Wi fi I don't have a private room to work.
I'll be home Thursaday and will get back into the swing of things then.Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-45366010303399450402013-01-03T13:09:00.003-08:002013-01-03T13:09:28.213-08:00Iceberg: Indianapolis Glee Club and morepg 156<br />
<br />
"That was no foghorn. That was a former baritone of the Annapolis Glee Club."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Baritone</b> (or <b>barytone</b>, although this spelling is essentially archaic and little-used since the 1920s) is a type of male <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">singing voice</a> that lies between the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_%28voice_type%29" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> voices. It is the most common male voice.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baritone#cite_note-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> Originally from the Greek <span lang="el">βαρύτονος (<i>barýtonos</i>)</span>, meaning <i>deep (or heavy) sounding</i>, music for this voice is typically written in the range from the second F below <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%28musical_note%29" title="C (musical note)">middle C</a> to the F above middle C (i.e. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">F<sub>2</sub></a>–F<sub>4</sub>) in choral music, and from the second G below middle C to the G above middle C (G<sub>2</sub> to G<sub>4</sub>) in operatic music, but can be extended at either end.<br />
<br />
A <b>glee club</b> is a musical group or choir group, historically of
male voices but also of female or mixed voices, which traditionally
specializes in the singing of short songs—<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_%28music%29" title="Glee (music)">glees</a>—by
trios or quartets. In the late 19th Century it was very popular in most
schools and was made a tradition to have in American High Schools from
then on. The first named Glee Club was founded in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrow_School" title="Harrow School">Harrow School</a>, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, in 1787.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-firstgleeclub_1-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_club#cite_note-firstgleeclub-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> Glee clubs were very popular in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK" title="UK">UK</a>
from then until the mid 1850s but by then they were gradually being
superseded by choral societies. By the mid-20th century, proper glee
clubs were no longer common. However, the term remains in use, primarily
for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choirs</a> found in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College">colleges</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a>, despite the fact that most American glee clubs are choruses in the standard sense and no longer perform glees. <i>Glee</i>
in this context does not refer to the mood of the music or of its
singers, but to a specific form of English part song popular between
1650 and 1900, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_%28music%29" title="Glee (music)">glee</a>.<br />
The oldest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_collegiate_glee_clubs" title="List of collegiate glee clubs">collegiate glee clubs in the United States</a> are the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Glee_Club" title="Harvard Glee Club">Harvard Glee Club</a>, founded in 1858;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_club#cite_note-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Men%27s_Glee_Club" title="University of Michigan Men's Glee Club">University of Michigan Men's Glee Club</a>, founded in 1859; the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Glee_Club" title="Yale Glee Club">Yale Glee Club</a>, founded in 1861; <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_University_of_Pennsylvania_Glee_Club" title="The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club">The University of Pennsylvania Glee Club</a>, founded in 1862;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_club#cite_note-3"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst_College_Glee_Club" title="Amherst College Glee Club">Amherst College Glee Club</a>, founded in 1865;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_club#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University_Glee_Club" title="Cornell University Glee Club">Cornell University Glee Club</a> founded in 1868;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_club#cite_note-5"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Glee_Club" title="Virginia Glee Club">Virginia Glee Club</a>, founded in 1871,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-uvaiv_6-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_club#cite_note-uvaiv-6"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_University_Glee_Club" title="Rutgers University Glee Club">Rutgers University Glee Club</a>, founded in 1872.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_club#cite_note-7"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_Glee_Club" title="Princeton Glee Club">Princeton Glee Club</a>, founded in 1874. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelssohn_Glee_Club" title="Mendelssohn Glee Club">Mendelssohn Glee Club</a>, founded in 1866, is the oldest non-collegiate glee club in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mgc-papers_8-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glee_club#cite_note-mgc-papers-8"><span></span><span></span></a></sup></blockquote>
"This model (in pink) is a perfect scaled-down replica of the Dominican Republic capitol building."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Santo Domingo</b>, known officially as <b>Santo Domingo de Guzmán</b>, is the capital and largest city in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLBQ-ovTvQOd8Bl6AwM7caIngtW1IwuMtXf-AXDfXoMJzEe0DaoqLXfmbLBCA-MzMRLEa0282280Hzyk2hjgKGCjQ9Z9UNkmy6FX64fHlbrbelnapzVNEStd2Ioj3nCRxYPvv_QX-GOYI/s1600/SantoDomingo.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLBQ-ovTvQOd8Bl6AwM7caIngtW1IwuMtXf-AXDfXoMJzEe0DaoqLXfmbLBCA-MzMRLEa0282280Hzyk2hjgKGCjQ9Z9UNkmy6FX64fHlbrbelnapzVNEStd2Ioj3nCRxYPvv_QX-GOYI/s320/SantoDomingo.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
</blockquote>
"I wouldn't like that snake if he was General of the Salvation Army."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>The Salvation Army</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denomination</a> and international movement known for its charity shops and other <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_work" title="Charity work">charity work</a>, operating in 126 countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-3"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> The organization was founded in 1865 in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Booth" title="William Booth">William</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Booth" title="Catherine Booth">Catherine Booth</a> as the North London Christian Mission, operating with a quasi-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">military structure</a>, which has been retained to the present day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-4"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> of the Salvation Army is mainstream <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>
although it is distinctive in government and practice. The Army's
doctrine follow mainstream Christian beliefs, and its articles of faith
emphasise <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God's</a>
"saving purposes". Its objects are "the advancement of the Christian
religion… of education, the relief of poverty, and other charitable
objects beneficial to society or the community of mankind as a whole. <br />
<br />
The Salvation Army was founded in London's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End</a> in 1865 by one-time <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> minister <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Booth" title="William Booth">William Booth</a> and his wife <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Mumford" title="Catherine Mumford">Catherine</a>. Originally, Booth named the organization the East London Christian Mission. The name <i>The Salvation Army</i> developed from an incident on 19–20 May. William Booth was dictating a letter to his secretary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Scott_Railton" title="George Scott Railton">George Scott Railton</a> and said, "We are a volunteer army." <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramwell_Booth" title="Bramwell Booth">Bramwell Booth</a>
heard his father and said, "Volunteer! I'm no volunteer, I'm a
regular!" Railton was instructed to cross out the word "volunteer" and
substitute the word "salvation".<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-6"><span></span><span></span></a></sup>The Salvation Army was modeled after the military, with its own flag
(or colours) and its own hymns, often with words set to popular and
folkloric tunes sung in the pubs. Booth and the other soldiers in "God's
Army" would wear the Army's own <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_of_The_Salvation_Army#Uniform" title="Uniform of The Salvation Army">uniform</a>, for meetings and ministry work. He became the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generals_of_The_Salvation_Army" title="Generals of The Salvation Army">General</a>" and his other ministers were given appropriate ranks as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officer_in_The_Salvation_Army" title="Officer in The Salvation Army">officers</a>". Other members became "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldier_in_The_Salvation_Army" title="Soldier in The Salvation Army">soldiers</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-7"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
<br />
When William Booth became known as the General, Catherine was known
as the "Mother of The Salvation Army". William preached to the poor, and
Catherine spoke to the wealthy, gaining financial support for their
work. She also acted as a religious minister, which was unusual at the
time; the Foundation Deed of the Christian Mission states that women had
the same rights to preach as men. William Booth described the
organization's approach: "The three ‘S's’ best expressed the way in
which the Army administered to the 'down and outs': first, soup; second,
soap; and finally, salvation."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-8"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
In 1880, the Salvation Army started its work in three other countries: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.
It was not always an official officer of the Salvation Army who started
the Salvation Army in a new country; sometimes Salvationists emigrated
to countries and started operating as "the Salvation Army" on their own
authority. When the first official officers arrived in Australia and the
United States, they found groups of Salvationists already waiting for
them.<br />
<br />
The Salvation Army's main converts were at first alcoholics, morphine
addicts, prostitutes and other "undesirables" unwelcome in polite
Christian society, which helped prompt the Booths to start their own
church.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cruz_9-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-Cruz-9"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> The Booths did not include the use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a> (mainly <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Holy Communion</a>)
in the Army's form of worship, believing that many Christians had come
to rely on the outward signs of spiritual grace rather than on grace
itself.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-10"><span> </span><span></span></a></sup>Other beliefs are that its members should completely refrain from
drinking alcohol (Holy Communion is not practiced), smoking, taking
illegal drugs and gambling.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-11"><span> </span><span></span></a></sup>Its soldiers wear a uniform tailored to the country in which they work;
the uniform can be white, grey, navy, fawn and are even styled like a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a> in some areas. Any member of the public is welcome to attend their meetings.<br />
<br />
As the Salvation Army grew rapidly in the late 19th century, it
generated opposition in England. Opponents, grouped under the name of
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton_Army" title="Skeleton Army">Skeleton Army</a>,
disrupted Salvation Army meetings and gatherings, with tactics such as
throwing rocks, bones, rats, and tar as well as physical assaults on
members of The Salvation Army. Much of this was led by pub owners who
were losing business because of the Army's opposition to alcohol and
targeting of the frequenters of saloons and public houses.<br />
<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-12"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
The Salvation Army's reputation in the United States improved as a result of its disaster relief efforts following the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galveston_Hurricane" title="Galveston Hurricane">Galveston Hurricane</a> of 1900 and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake">1906 San Francisco earthquake</a>.
The establishment of Victorian bell-ringers raising charity today
"helps complete the American portrait of Christmas", with over 25,000
volunteers taking up kettles over the holiday period in the U.S. alone.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cruz_9-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-Cruz-9"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> The church remains a highly visible and sometimes controversial presence in many parts of the world.<br />
<br />
In 1994, the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicle_of_Philanthropy" title="Chronicle of Philanthropy">Chronicle of Philanthropy</a></i>,
an industry publication, released the results of the largest study of
charitable and non-profit organization popularity and credibility. The
study showed that The Salvation Army was ranked as the 4th "most popular
charity/non-profit in America" of over 100 charities researched with
47% of Americans over the age of 12 choosing Love and Like A Lot for The
Salvation Army.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-13"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><br />
<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_Watch" title="Charity Watch">Charity Watch</a> rates the Salvation Army an "A-" to an "A".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_army#cite_note-14"><span></span><span></span></a></sup></blockquote>
<br />
<br />Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-87542184434083090242013-01-01T14:18:00.001-08:002013-01-01T14:18:28.716-08:00Iceberg: Doxa watch and morepg 153<br />
<br />
He glanced at the Doxa watch<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Doxa S.A.</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> company, founded in 1889, that manufactures <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">watches</a>. Doxa is best known for its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">dive</a> watches.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YXacA75ON0xs0EQVtL50sDxtLkLVp4gpeb6p7UpIH41d50roaTk9H2E_ZTYyOBku3ZXtmrkvRp4E7zY2TPC5pH8mrHvBErM-hZpZ91wQzzd_32YoUKRHkfiI1bL0jFVo3GmQJVYlX8Y/s1600/300px-Doxa_T-Graph.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YXacA75ON0xs0EQVtL50sDxtLkLVp4gpeb6p7UpIH41d50roaTk9H2E_ZTYyOBku3ZXtmrkvRp4E7zY2TPC5pH8mrHvBErM-hZpZ91wQzzd_32YoUKRHkfiI1bL0jFVo3GmQJVYlX8Y/s320/300px-Doxa_T-Graph.jpg" width="235" /></a></div>
<br />
Doxa, founded in 1889 by George Ducommun, began as a maker of fine dress watches and other timepieces.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from December 2007"></span></a></i></sup>Over the years, Doxa gained in size and branched out into other
timekeeping markets. (Wristwatches, Armbanduhren, Montres-bracelets;
Brunner, Gisbert L; Pfeiffer-Belli, Christian; Koneman, 2006)<br />
In the late 1960s Doxa realized that diving was becoming more
popular—especially given the success of early innovators like Rolex and
Blancpain in the early 1950s. In fact the success of Rolex's Submariner
and Blancpain's Fifty Fathoms helped originate a market for followers
such as Doxa. This may have been due to the efforts of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Yves_Cousteau" title="Jacques-Yves Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a>
and increased general awareness of the sport. Doxa decided to devote
resources to create a watch to be used for diving. Tests indicated that
an orange face was more visible in murky water. Doxa also consulted with
divers, including Cousteau, then chairman of "U.S. Divers," and <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claude_Wesly&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Claude Wesly (page does not exist)">Claude Wesly</a>
(a Cousteau companion and the first man to spend seven days
thirty-three feet underwater). A staff of engineers and professional
divers was assembled to create a watch with features important to the
diving industry. The Sub300t was purchased in quantity by U.S. Divers,
who resold the watch in the United States. It was an instant hit with
divers and quickly sold out upon its introduction.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from December 2007"><br /></span></a></i></sup><br />
The Doxa Sub300t features an orange face to make it more visible in
the water. It has a rotating bezel with the official US Navy air dive
table for no-decompression dives engraved onto its surface. The watch
could be used to calculate <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decompression_stop" title="Decompression stop">decompression times</a>,
and other information useful to divers. It was rated to work 300 meters
below sea level, and later versions were introduced that could work up
to 750 meters below sea level.<br />
Other watchmakers then followed with similar bezels, as well as colorful and bright faces.<br />
Soon after the introduction of the Sub300t, the Swiss watch industry was hard-hit economically by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_clock" title="Quartz clock">quartz watch</a>
revolution. Accurate, reliable and small timepieces could now be made
without the mechanical movements that the Swiss specialized in
constructing. In response, Doxa joined a group of Swiss watchmakers to
consolidate resources. This eventually failed and Doxa, after being
sold, ceased operations in about 1980.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from December 2007"></span></i></sup><br />
<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from December 2007"><br /></span></a></i></sup>
Recently, Doxa has been revived by the Jenny family of Switzerland,
who owns the brand. Since August 2002, Doxa has introduced re-editions
of its well known watches and timepieces in limited quantities. Many are
faithful to their original models in design and construction, and all
use Swiss movements.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Pitt slammed his fist against the casing in frustration<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Pitt is under 140 feet of water. You can't "slam" your foot against a casing in frustration. If you try to do so, you'll be pushed in the other direction.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
Then his ears picked up a faint gravelly vioice...a voice singing a flat version of "My Bonnie lies over the ocean."<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>"My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean"</b> is a traditional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_song" title="Folk song">folk song</a> which remains popular in Western culture.<br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></b>
The origin of the song is unknown, though it is often suggested that the subject of the song may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charles Edward Stuart</a> ('Bonnie Prince Charlie'):<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Bonnie_Lies_Over_The_Ocean#cite_note-1"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> after the defeat of the Prince at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a> in 1746 and his subsequent exile, his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite</a>
supporters could have sung the tune in his honour; and thanks to the
ambiguity of the term "bonnie", which can refer to a woman as well as to
a man, they could pretend it was a love song.<br />
In 1881, under the duo of pseudonyms H.J. Fulmer and J.T. Wood, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Pratt" title="Charles E. Pratt">Charles E. Pratt</a> published sheet music for "Bring Back My Bonnie to Me".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-source1_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Bonnie_Lies_Over_The_Ocean#cite_note-source1-2"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-treas1_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Bonnie_Lies_Over_The_Ocean#cite_note-treas1-3"><span></span><span></span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-500best_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Bonnie_Lies_Over_The_Ocean#cite_note-500best-4"><span></span><span></span></a></sup> Theodore Raph in his 1964 book <i>American song treasury: 100 favorites</i>,
writes that people were requesting the song at sheet music stores in
the 1870s, and Pratt was convinced to publish a version of it under the
pseudonyms, and the song became a big hit, especially popular with
college singing groups but also popular for all group singing
situations.<br />
<br />
My Bonnie lies over the ocean<br />
My Bonnie lies over the sea<br />
My Bonnie lies over the ocean<br />
Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me<br />
<br />
REFRAIN:<br />
Bring back, bring back<br />
Bring back my Bonnie to me, to me<br />
Bring back, bring back<br />
Bring back my Bonnie to me<br />
<br />
Last night as I lay on my pillow<br />
Last night as I lay on my bed<br />
Last night as I lay on my pillow<br />
I dreamt that my Bonnie was dead<br />
<br />
REFRAIN<br />
<br />
Oh blow the winds o'er the ocean<br />
And blow the winds o'er the sea<br />
Oh blow the winds o'er the ocean<br />
And bring back my Bonnie to me<br />
<br />
REFRAIN<br />
<br />
The winds have blown over the ocean<br />
The winds have blown over the sea<br />
The winds have blown over the ocean<br />
And brought back my Bonnie to me </blockquote>
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-treas1_3-1"></sup><br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-treas1_3-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Bonnie_Lies_Over_The_Ocean#cite_note-treas1-3"><span></span><span></span></a></sup>Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-71936471187807521182012-12-30T08:42:00.001-08:002012-12-30T08:42:56.305-08:00Iceberg: Delftware saucerpg 150<br />
<br />
"Your face is as blue as a windmill on a Delftware saucer."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Delftware</b>, or Delft <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>, denotes blue and white pottery made in and around <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin-glazing" title="Tin-glazing">tin-glazed</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> made in the Netherlands from the 16th century.<br />
Delftware in the latter sense is a type of pottery in which a white <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_glaze" title="Ceramic glaze">glaze</a> is applied, usually decorated with metal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxides</a>. Delftware includes pottery objects of all descriptions such as plates, ornaments and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">tiles</a>.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
His heart began pounding like a bass drum<br />
<br />
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thoth07MarineDrummer.jpg"><img alt="Thoth07MarineDrummer.jpg" height="188" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Thoth07MarineDrummer.jpg/250px-Thoth07MarineDrummer.jpg" width="250" /></a><br />
<div class="center">
<div class="floatnone">
<div class="noresize" style="height: 280px; width: 280px;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Drums.jpg" title="Drum Set Components"><img alt="Drum Kit" height="280" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Drums.jpg/280px-Drums.jpg" usemap="#ImageMap_3_177915517" width="280" /></a><map name="ImageMap_3_177915517">
<area alt="Bass drum" coords="140,133,169,147,179,182,176,204,140,224,115,207,102,182,112,150" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_drum" shape="poly" title="Bass drum"></area>
<area alt="China type" coords="221,22,246,22,224,64,188,64" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_type" shape="poly" title="China type"></area>
<area alt="Snare drum" coords="173,116,189,137" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snare_drum" shape="rect" title="Snare drum"></area>
<area alt="Snare drum" coords="151,127,189,139" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snare_drum" shape="rect" title="Snare drum"></area>
<area alt="Floor tom" coords="77,109,106,160" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_tom" shape="rect" title="Floor tom"></area>
<area alt="Floor tom" coords="99,130,119,140" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_tom" shape="rect" title="Floor tom"></area>
<area alt="Splash cymbal" coords="129,84,157,94" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splash_cymbal" shape="rect" title="Splash cymbal"></area>
<area alt="Ride cymbal" coords="49,59,137,84" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ride_cymbal" shape="rect" title="Ride cymbal"></area>
<area alt="Toms" coords="104,97,176,119" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom-tom_drum" shape="rect" title="Toms"></area>
<area alt="Hi-hat" coords="196,87,225,168" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-hat" shape="rect" title="Hi-hat"></area>
<area alt="Crash cymbal" coords="165,64,221,78" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_cymbal" shape="rect" title="Crash cymbal"></area>
<area alt="Drum hardware" coords="224,73,280,210" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_hardware" shape="rect" title="Drum hardware"></area> </map>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Bass drums are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion instruments</a> and vary in size and are used in several musical genres. Three major types of bass drums can be distinguished.<br />
<ul>
<li>The type usually seen or heard in orchestral, ensemble or concert
band music is the orchestral, or concert bass drum. It is the largest drum of the orchestra.</li>
<li>The kick drum, struck with a beater attached to a pedal, usually seen on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kits</a>.</li>
<li>The pitched bass drum, generally used in marching bands and drum
corps. This is tuned to a specific pitch and is usually played in a set
of three to six drums. </li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<br />
He was greeted by a small rosefish<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The <b>rose fish</b> (<i>Sebastes norvegicus</i>), also known as the <b>ocean perch</b>, <b>Norway haddock</b>, <b>red perch</b>, <b>golden redfish</b>, or <b>hemdurgan</b>, is a species of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastidae" title="Sebastidae">rockfish</a> from the North Atlantic. Misleadingly, it is sometimes called <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergylt" title="Bergylt">bergylt</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bream_%28disambiguation%29" title="Bream (disambiguation)">bream</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapper" title="Snapper">snapper</a>, though it is unrelated to all of these. In the past the scientific name <i>Sebastes marinus</i> was frequently used, but this is actually a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_%28taxonomy%29" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonym</a> of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted_comber" title="Painted comber">Serranus scriba</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_fish#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rose_fish.jpg"><img alt="Rose fish.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="120" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Rose_fish.jpg/220px-Rose_fish.jpg" width="220" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rose_fish.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf5/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
This <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_fish" title="Food fish">food fish</a> lives off the North Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America. </blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-30714962444105956472012-12-24T09:11:00.002-08:002012-12-24T09:11:51.330-08:00Iceberg: dives of one hubdred forty feet and morepg 147<br />
<br />
Enough for fifteen minutes diving, and even that was stretching precious time for dives to one hundred and forty feet.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Cussler has got <i>something </i>screwed up here. Pitt is wearing two tanks - which is more than 15 minutes of air.<br />
<br />
But, in no way could he dive down to one hundred and forty feet in just fifteen minutes. The maximum depth for sports divers is 60 feet, after that there is nitrogen narcosis (the bends) especially if you dive down to 140 feet, so he'd have to do decompression stops on the way up. </blockquote>
Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-75120319655231762442012-12-19T14:07:00.001-08:002012-12-19T14:07:28.544-08:00New posting scheduleNow that I've got this new full-time job, I'll be posting in this blog twice a week - on Monday's and Wednesdays.<br />
<br />
So the next post for this blog will be on Monday.<br />
<br />
Thanks for your patience.Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-61031579803870067542012-12-17T15:37:00.001-08:002012-12-17T15:37:55.230-08:00Posts resume this WednesdayI got a new job (I'm a freelance writer) and am way far behind, so I've got to do some serious work today and tomorrow. <br />
<br />
Posts therefore resume Wednesday.<br />
<br />
Thanks for your patience!Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8251071229549350245.post-61963473343519040702012-12-14T10:13:00.000-08:002012-12-14T10:13:45.742-08:00Iceberg: Gold Cup hydroplane and morepg 141<br />
<br />
It was a strange sight indeed to see the ungainly hull skipping over the waves like a Gold Cup hydroplane.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The <b>APBA Gold Cup</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroplane_%28boat%29" title="Hydroplane (boat)">hydroplane</a> boat race and is the second official race of the 2012 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H1_Unlimited" title="H1 Unlimited">H1 Unlimited</a> season.<br />
<br />
<b>History</b><br />
The <b>Gold Cup</b> is the oldest active trophy in all of motorsports.
The trophy was first awarded in 1904. Hydroplane racing became a
tradition in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> when designer Christopher Columbus Smith (of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris-Craft_Industries" title="Chris-Craft Industries">Chris-Craft boat company</a>) built a Detroit-based boat that would crack the 60 miles-per-hour speed barrier, capturing the Gold Cup in 1915. </blockquote>
<br />
Sandecker's mind clicked like a Burroughs adding machine.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The <b>Burroughs Corporation</b> was a major American manufacturer of business equipment. The company was founded in 1886 as the <i>American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmometer" title="Arithmometer">Arithmometer</a> Company</i> and after the 1986 merger with <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperry_Univac" title="Sperry Univac">Sperry Univac</a> was renamed as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a>. The company's history paralleled many of the major developments in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing" title="History of computing">computing</a>. At its start it produced mechanical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adding_machine" title="Adding machine">adding machines</a>, and later moved into programmable ledgers and then computers. And while it was one of the largest producers of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe computers</a> in the world, Burroughs also produced related equipment as well, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_%28computing%29" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In September 1986, Burroughs Corporation merged with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperry_Corporation" title="Sperry Corporation">Sperry Corporation</a> to form <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a>. </blockquote>
<br />
pg 142<br />
The "comedy" scene with Sandecker's suddenly accelerating to cause her to fall with 3 cups of coffee. Sandecker thinks its menopause, Pitt says, "Women rarely offer an explanation."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Slap 'em both!</blockquote>
<br />
he checked the old single-hose US Diver's Deepstar regulator.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>U.S. Divers</b> is the sporting goods division of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_Lung_America" title="Aqua Lung America">Aqua Lung America</a>, makers of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> equipment.<br />
They were the first firm in the United States to make <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Yves_Cousteau" title="Jacques-Yves Cousteau">Cousteau</a>-type <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua-lung" title="Aqua-lung">aqualungs</a>, in 1951 or earlier. They were one of the five original American diving gear makers — <b>U.S. Divers</b>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthways_%28scuba_gear_company%29" title="Healthways (scuba gear company)">Healthways</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voit" title="Voit">Voit</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacor_%28scuba_diving%29" title="Dacor (scuba diving)">Dacor</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearfisherman_%28company%29" title="Spearfisherman (company)">Swimaster</a>.</blockquote>
(This message forum discusses vintage scuba equipment, makes for interesting reading.<br />
http://vintagescuba.proboards.com/index.cgi?action=display&board=general&thread=2596&page=1#19480)<br />
Barbara Petersonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02345946032911474219noreply@blogger.com0