Friday, September 30, 2011

Pacific Vortex: 2100 hours and more

pg. x of the prologue
"Secure the bridge for diving at 2100."
The "bridge", on a submarine is a small open platform in the top of the sail, used for observation during surface operation.

2100 means 2100 hours, or 11 pm. This is the 24 hour clock, which is also known as military time in the US. In Europe, timetables for trains and planes are given with the 24 hour clock.

00:00 -- 12:00 a.m.(start of day) --"12 midnight"
01:00 -- 1:00 a.m.
02:00 -- 2:00 a.m.
03:00 -- 3:00 a.m.
04:00 -- 4:00 a.m.
05:00 -- 5:00 a.m.
06:00 -- 6:00 a.m.
07:00 -- 7:00 a.m.
08:00 -- 8:00 a.m.
09:00 -- 9:00 a.m.
10:00 -- 10:00 a.m.
11:00 -- 11:00 a.m.
12:00 -- 12:00 p.m.
12 noon
13:00 -- 1:00 p.m.
14:00 -- 2:00 p.m.
15:00 -- 3:00 p.m.
16:00 -- 4:00 p.m.
17:00 -- 5:00 p.m.
18:00 -- 6:00 p.m.
19:00 -- 7:00 p.m.
20:00 -- 8:00 p.m.
21:00 -- 9:00 p.m.
22:00 -- 10:00 p.m.
23:00 -- 11:00 p.m.
24:00 ("12 midnight")* (end of day)

Dupree lowered himself through the three levels of the conning tower - or sail, as the modern Navy called it...
A conning tower is a raised platform on a ship or submarine, often armored, from which an officer can con the vessel; i.e., give directions to the helmsman. It is usually located as high on the ship as practical, to give the conning team good visibility.

The verb 'conn' probably stems from the verb "conduct" rather from another plausible precedent, the verb "control". It is noted that the conning tower allows for efficient reconnaissance.

Admiral Douglas Monaster, from HMS Malefactor, is credited with using the term "control tower".

The conning tower of a submarine was a small watertight compartment within its sail (or fin in British usage) equipped with instruments and controls and from which the periscopes were used to direct the boat and launch torpedo attacks. It should not be confused with the submarine's control room, which was directly below it in the main pressure hull; or the bridge, a small exposed platform in the top of the sail. As improvements in technology allowed the periscopes to be made longer—then to be eliminated altogether, as in the Virginia-class—it became unnecessary to raise the conning station above the main pressure hull. The additional conning tower pressure hull was eliminated and its functions were added to the command and control center. Thus it is incorrect to refer to the sail of a modern submarine as a conning tower.


The Executive Officer and another man, the navigator, were bent over the plotting table.
An executive officer is generally a person responsible for running an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization.

In the units of some military forces, the Executive Officer (XO) is the second-in-command, reporting to the commanding officer (CO).

In the United States Army and Marine Corps, for example, there are XO billets in each company, battalion, and brigade, though not at higher levels of command. The XO billet is not a command; rather it is considered staff. The XO is typically responsible for the management of day-to-day activities, such as maintenance and logistics, freeing the unit commander to concentrate on tactical planning and execution. The XO also takes charge in the absence of the CO. While the experience gained as an XO is highly beneficial for an officer's professional development, never serving in the position will not preclude an officer from commanding later.

In the United States Navy and Coast Guard, XOs are normally assigned to all ships and shore units, and have a similar role to their counterparts in the Army and Marine Corps. On board Coast Guard cutters that are commanded by either a junior officer or a senior enlisted member, Executive Petty Officers (XPOs) are usually assigned to serve as second-in-command.


"Six hundred seventy miles north of Kahuku Point, Oahu."
Kahuku is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Koʻolauloa District on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, United States. In the Hawaiian language, ka huku means "the projection", presumably a reference to Kahuku Point nearby, the northernmost point of land on the island of Oahu. As of the 2000 Census, Kahuku had a total population of 2,097.

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