pg 212
The servant turned a rheostat and dimmed the lights.
The most common way to vary the resistance in a circuit is to use a rheostat,
which is a two-terminal variable resistor. For low-power applications
(less than about 1 watt) a three-terminal potentiometer is often used,
with one terminal unconnected or connected to the wiper.
Where the rheostat must be rated for higher power (more than about 1
watt), it may be built with a resistance wire wound around a
semicircular insulator, with the wiper sliding from one turn of the wire
to the next. Sometimes a rheostat is made from resistance wire wound on
a heat-resisting cylinder, with the slider made from a number of metal
fingers that grip lightly onto a small portion of the turns of
resistance wire. The "fingers" can be moved along the coil of resistance
wire by a sliding knob thus changing the "tapping" point. Wire-wound
rheostats made with ratings up to several thousand watts are used in
applications such as DC motor drives, electric welding controls, or in
the controls for generators. The rating of the rheostat is given with
the full resistance value and the allowable power dissipation is
proportional to the fraction of the total device resistance in circuit.
It might have been said that Pitt suffered the agonies of the damned for the next hour and a half
Damnation (from Latin damnatio) is the concept of everlasting divine punishment and/or disgrace, especially the punishment for sin as threatened by God (e.g. Mark 3:29). A damned being "in damnation" is said to be either in Hell, or living in a state wherein they are divorced from Heaven and/or in a state of disgrace from God's favor. In Catholic doctrine those Christians in purgatory (the "Church Suffering"),
are not considered damned, because their stay there is not eternal,
while people who are damned to Hell will stay there eternally.
In some forms of Western Christian belief, damnation to hell
is what humanity deserves for its sins. Much of the time, these sins
are related to those of Adam and Eve in the book of Genesis. Only
through the grace of God
and salvation through Jesus Christ, can one atone for their sins and
escape damnation. One conception is of eternal suffering and denial of
entrance to Heaven, often described in the Bible as burning in a Lake of Fire. Another conception, derived from the scripture about Gehenna
is simply that people will be discarded (burned), as being unworthy of
preservation by God. The reasons for being damned have varied widely
through the centuries, with little consistency between different forms
of Christianity (i.e., Catholic or Protestant). Sins ranging from murder
to dancing have been said to lead to damnation. In some belief systems,
only the sins that the Ten Commandments describe cause damnation, but
others apply more strict terms.
In Eastern Christian traditions (Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy), as well as some Western traditions, it is seen as a state of opposition to the love of God, a state into which all humans are born but against which Christ is the Mediator and Redeemer.
"Should the guardian friend or mother..." Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 [O.S. 7 September] – 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson was a devout Anglican and committed Tory, and has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history". He is also the subject of 'the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature' : James Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson.
Born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, Johnson attended Pembroke College, Oxford
for just over a year, before his lack of funds forced him to leave.
After working as a teacher he moved to London, where he began to write
for The Gentleman's Magazine. His early works include the biography The Life of Richard Savage, the poems "London" and "The Vanity of Human Wishes", and the play Irene.
After nine years of work, Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1755. It had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as "one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship." This work brought Johnson popularity and success. Until the completion of the Oxford English Dictionary 150 years later, Johnson's was viewed as the pre-eminent British dictionary. His later works included essays, an influential annotated edition of William Shakespeare's plays, and the widely read tale Rasselas. In 1763, he befriended James Boswell, with whom he later travelled to Scotland; Johnson described their travels in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland. Towards the end of his life, he produced the massive and influential Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, a collection of biographies and evaluations of 17th- and 18th-century poets.
Johnson had a tall and robust figure. His odd gestures and tics were confusing to some on their first encounter with him. Boswell's Life, along with other biographies, documented Johnson's behaviour and mannerisms in such detail that they have informed the posthumous diagnosis of Tourette syndrome,
a condition not defined or diagnosed in the 18th century. After a
series of illnesses he died on the evening of 13 December 1784, and was
buried in Westminster Abbey.
In the years following his death, Johnson began to be recognised as
having had a lasting effect on literary criticism, and even as the only
great critic of English literature
| A Satire |
| By Samuel Johnson (1709–1784) |
| |
| LONG-EXPECTED one-and-twenty, | |
| Ling’ring year, at length is flown; | |
| Pride and pleasure, pomp and plenty, | |
| Great (Sir John), are now your own. | |
| |
| Loosen’d from the minor’s tether, | 5 |
| Free to mortgage or to sell, | |
| Wild as wind, and light as feather, | |
| Bid the sons of thrift farewell. | |
| |
| Call the Betseys, Kates, and Jennies, | |
| All the names that banish care; | 10 |
| Lavish of your grandsire’s guineas, | |
| Show the spirits of an heir. | |
| |
| All that prey on vice and folly, | |
| Joy to see their quarry fly; | |
| There the gamester, light and jolly, | 15 |
| There the lender, grave and sly. | |
| |
| Wealth, my lad, was made to wander, | |
| Let it wander as it will; | |
| Call the jockey, call the pander, | |
| Bid them come and take their fill. | 20 |
| |
| When the bonny blade carouses, | |
| Pockets full, and spirits high— | |
| What are acres? What are houses? | |
| Only dirt, or wet or dry. | |
| |
| Should the guardian, friend, or mother, | 25 |
| Tell the woes of wilful waste, | |
| Scorn their counsel, scorn their pother,— | |
| You can hang or drown at last! |
